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Liliales (older name: Lilia) is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae, but both the family and the order have had a widely disputed history, with the circumscription varying greatly from one taxonomist to another. Well known plants from the order include ''Lilium'' (lily), tulip, the North American wildflower ''Trillium'', and greenbrier. The APG III system (2009) places this order in the clade monocots. In APG III, the family Luzuriagaceae is combined with the family Alstroemeriaceae and the family Petermanniaceae is recognized. APG III uses this circumscription: * order Liliales *: family Alstroemeriaceae *: family Campynemataceae *: family Colchicaceae *: family Corsiaceae *: family Liliaceae *: family Melanthiaceae *: family Petermanniaceae *: family Philesiaceae *: family Ripogonaceae *: family Smilacaceae Thus circumscribed, this order consists mostly of herbaceous plants, but lianas and shrubs occur. They are mostly perennial plants, with food storage organs such as corms or rhizomes. The family Corsiaceae is notable for being heterotrophs. The order has worldwide distribution. The larger families (with more than 100 species) are roughly confined to the Northern Hemisphere, or are distributed worldwide, centering on the north. On the other hand, the smaller families (with up to 10 species) are confined to the Southern Hemisphere, or sometimes just to Australia or South America. The total number of species in the order is now about 1300. As with any herbaceous group, the fossil record of the Liliales is rather scarce. There are several species from the Eocene, such as ''Petermanniopsis anglesaensis'' or ''Smilax'', but their identification is not definite. Another known fossil is ''Ripogonum scandens'' from the Miocene. Due to the scarcity of data, it seems impossible to determine precisely the age and the initial distribution of the order. It is assumed that the Liliales originate from the Lower Cretaceous, over 100 million years ago. Fossil aquatic plants from the Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil and a new terrestrial species placed in the new genus ''Cratosmilax'' suggest that the first species have appeared around 120 million years ago when the continents formed Pangea, before dispersing as Asia, Africa and America. The initial diversification to the current families took place between 82 and 48 million years ago. == Description == The Liliales are characterised by the presence of tepal nectaries and extrorse anthers. This distinguishes them from the septal nectaries and introrse anthers that are the features of most other monocots. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Liliales」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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