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Leleges
The Leleges (; ) were one of the aboriginal peoples of the Aegean littoral, distinct from the Pelasgians, the Bronze Age Greeks, the Cretan Minoans, the Cycladic Telkhines, and the Tyrrhenians. The classical Hellenes emerged as an amalgam of these six peoples. The distinction between the Leleges and the Carians (a nation living in south west Anatolia) is unclear. According to Homer, the Leleges were a distinct Anatolian tribe;〔(Homer, Il. 10.429 ) at Perseus project〕 However, Herodotus states that ''Leleges'' had been an early name for the Carians.〔Herodotus 1.171.〕 The fourth-century BCE historian Philippus of Theangela, suggested that the Leleges maintained connections to Messenia, Laconia, Locris and other regions in mainland Greece, after they were overcome by the Carians in Asia Minor.〔''Fragmenta Graecorum Historicorum'' 741〕
==Etymology==
It is thought that the name ''Leleges'' is not an autonym, a name these people applied to themselves, in a long-submerged tongue. Instead, during the Bronze Age the term ''lulahi'' was in use in the Luwian language of the Hittites in Anatolia: in a Hittite cuneiform inscription priests and temple servants are directed to avoid conversing with ''lulahi'' and foreign merchants.〔E. H. Sturtevant, "A Hittite text on the duties of priests and temple servants", ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', 54.4 (December 1934:363-406), transcription and translation, p. 404: "41. "Let him avoid an early death, let him avoid the anger of the gods () the talk of the populace... of the ''lulahi''-men () of the merchants..."〕 It is surmised that the reference is to strangers. According to the suggestion of Vitaly Shevoroshkin, applying the term to men of the lands that would become classical Caria and Lycia, "Leleges" would then be an attempt to transliterate ''lulahi'' into Greek.
Late traditions reported in Pseudo-Apollodorus, ''Bibliotheke'',〔Apollodorus, (3.10.3 ).〕 and by Pausanias,〔Pausanias (3.1.1 ), (1.39.6 ); the foreigner Lelex arrived from Egypt, according to Pausanias' informers.〕 derive the name from an eponymous king ''Lelex''; a comparable etymology, memorializing a legendary founder, is provided by Greek mythographers for virtually every tribe of Hellenes: "Lelex and the Leleges, whatever their historical significance, have acted as a blank sheet on which to draw Lakonia and all it means," observes Ken Dowden.〔Dowden, ''The uses of Greek mythology'' 1992:81f.〕
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