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Lagerstätte
A ''Lagerstätte'' (, from ''Lager'' 'storage, lair' ''Stätte'' 'place'; plural ''Lagerstätten'') is a sedimentary deposit that exhibits extraordinary fossils with exceptional preservation—sometimes including preserved soft tissues. These formations may have resulted from carcass burial in an anoxic environment with minimal bacteria, thus delaying decomposition. ''Lagerstätten'' span geological time from the Neoproterozoic era to the present. Worldwide, some of the best examples of near-perfect fossilization are the Cambrian Maotianshan shales and Burgess Shale, the Devonian Hunsrück Slates and Gogo Formation, the Carboniferous Mazon Creek, the Jurassic Solnhofen limestone, and the Cretaceous Santana and Yixian formations.
==Types==
Palaeontologists distinguish two kinds:〔The term was originally coined by Adolf Seilacher here:〕
#''Konzentrat-Lagerstätten'' (concentration ''Lagerstätten'') are deposits with a particular "concentration" of disarticulated organic hard parts, such as a bone bed. These ''Lagerstätten'' are less spectacular than the more famous ''Konservat-Lagerstätten''. Their contents invariably display a large degree of time averaging, as the accumulation of bones in the absence of other sediment takes some time. Deposits with a high concentration of fossils that represent an ''in situ'' community, such as reefs or oyster beds, are not considered ''Lagerstätten''.
#''Konservat-Lagerstätten'' (conservation ''Lagerstätten'') are deposits known for the exceptional preservation of fossilized organisms or traces. The individual taphonomy of the fossils varies with the sites. Conservation ''Lagerstätten'' are crucial in providing answers to important moments in the history and evolution of life. For example, the Burgess Shale of British Columbia is associated with the Cambrian explosion, and the Solnhofen limestone with the earliest known bird, ''Archaeopteryx''.
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