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The Kutama (Berber: ''Iktamen'') were a major Berber people in northern Algeria. The tribe was known as Ukutamanorum under the Romans, and subsequently identified as the Ucutamani under the Byzantines.. The Kutama played a pivotal role during North Africa's early Medieval period (909 - 1171). They were originators of the Fatimid dynasty, which eventually overthrew the Aghlabids who controlled Ifriqiya (North Africa) between 800-909 as Abbasid Caliphate vassals. The Kotamas also formed the first Islamic dynasty of indigenous Berbers in the Maghreb, the Zirids (972-1148), a line founded by the Kutama General Buluggin ibn Ziri (also: Bologhine ibn Ziri, Bologhin ibn Ziri) after his defeat of the Kharijite rebellion of Abu Yazid (943-947). ==Origins of the Kutama== The Kutama are part of the Branes branch of Berbers, which regroups the Sanhaja. The Kutama are related to the Zouaoua, and are located in the larger Kabylia region. They are neighbouring the Zenati of the Ulhassa in the eastern part towards Annaba and the Aures. In his book, published in 1867, Ernest Mercier mentions the presence of ''Oulhaça'' in the vicinity of Annaba in Algeria today. The Kutamas were a group of Eastern Algeria in the 13th century located at the border terminals Wilayas of Bejaia and Constantine and the borders of the Aures which corresponds to la Petite Kabylie or Kabylie orientale (far Eastern Kabylia) in the 20th century. The Zedjala are part of Ulhassa in the Medjana, a plain bordered by the Aures. They are installed near the Aures Mountains Eiad. Today, representatives of the Ulhaasa live in the neighborhood of Wad Tafna west of modern Algeria in the Wilaya of Ain Temouchent near Tlemcen. The Kutamas on the other hand also settled in the Rif (in the Fatimid Dynasty), this is why we find in the Rif region of Morocco tribes akin to that dynasty (Ketama). An anecdote explaining the origins of the term "Kutama" is recounted by the Tenth-Century Ismaili jurist, al-Qadi al Nu‘man in his work entitled Iftitāḥ al-da‘wa, in which a preacher by the name of Abu ‘Abd Allah al-Shi’i encountered a group of Shi’i Kutama on the pilgrimage at Mecca in 893 CE. Upon meeting him, this particular group of Kutama Pilgrims became convinced of the Ismaili faith and brought Abu ‘Abd Allah along with them back to their country of origin. Along the way, Abu ‘Abd Allah asked the pilgrims about a region called the Valley of the Pious (fajj al-akhyār). The Kutama were astounded that he knew of this place and asked how he came to hear of it. Citing a prophetic tradition (hadīth) of Muhammad, Abu ‘Abd Allah replied that in fact this place was named after the very Kutama themselves: "The Mahdi shall emigrate far from his home at a time full of trials and tribulations. The pious (al-akhyār) of that age shall support him, a people whose name is derived from kitmān (secrecy)."〔Virani, Shafique N.'' The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, A Search for Salvation'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 47.〕 He explained that it was to the Kutama that the tradition referred and on account of them that the region was named the Valley of the Pious. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kutama」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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