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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Kosmotropic ： ウィキペディア英語版 Kosmotropic Co-solvents (in water solvent) are defined as kosmotropic (order-making) if they contribute to the stability and structure of water-water interactions. Kosmotropes cause water molecules to favorably interact, which also (in effect) stabilizes intramolecular interactions in macromolecules such as proteins. Chaotropic agents (disorder-makers) have the opposite effect, disrupting water structure, increasing the solubility of nonpolar solvent particles, and destabilizing solute aggregates.〔 ==Ionic kosmotropes== Ionic kosmotropes tend to be small or have high charge density. Some ionic kosmotropes are , , , magnesium(2+), lithium(1+), zinc (2+) and aluminium (+3). Large ions or ions with low charge density (such as bromide, iodide, potassium(1+), caesium(1+)) instead act as chaotropes. Kosmotropic anions are more polarizable and hydrate more strongly than kosmotropic cations of the same charge density. A scale can be established if one refers to the Hofmeister series or looks up the free energy of hydrogen bonding ($\backslash Delta\; G\_$) of the salts, which quantifies the extent of hydrogen bonding of an ion in water. For example, the kosmotropes and have $\backslash Delta\; G\_$ between 0.1 and 0.4 J/mol, whereas the chaotrope has a $\backslash Delta\; G\_$ between −1.1 and −0.9.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kosmotropic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.