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Kobalos
The ''kobalos'' (pl. ''kobaloi'') was a sprite from Greek mythology, a mischievous creature fond of tricking and frightening mortals.〔Roby, John (1829). ''Traditions of Lancashire''. Quoted in Hardwick 139. The sources spell the word khobalus.〕 Greek myths depict the ''kobaloi'' as "impudent, thieving, droll, idle, mischievous, gnome-dwarfs",〔Brown 230.〕 and as "funny, little triksy elves" of a phallic nature.〔Brown 230–231.〕 They were companions of Dionysus and could shapeshift as Dionysus in the guise of Choroimanes-Aiolomorphos.〔Brown 231.〕 According to one myth, they robbed Herakles while he slept. He captured them in revenge but took pity on them when he found them amusing. In one version of the myth, Herakles gave them to the Lydian queen Omphale as a gift. The ''kobaloi'' were thought to live in Euboea or near Thermopylae.〔
Parents used tales of the ''kobaloi'' to frighten children into behaving.〔Davis 61.〕 The term also means "impudent knave, arrant rogue" in ancient Greek, and such individuals were thought to invoke ''kobaloi'' spirits.〔Liddell and Scott.〕 Depictions of ''kobaloi'' are common in ancient Greek art.
The ''kobalos'' is related to two other Greek sprites: the ''kabeiroi'' (pygmies with large phalluses) and the ''kerkopes''.〔 The ''kobalos'' and ''kabeiroi'' came to be equated.〔 Nineteenth Century classicists proposed that other European sprites may derive from belief in ''kobaloi''. This includes spirits such as the Northern English boggart, Scottish bogle, French goblin, Medieval gobelinus, German kobold, and English Puck.〔Hardwick 139.〕 Likewise, the names of many European spirits may derive from the word ''kobalos''. The word entered Latin as ''cobalus'', then possibly French as ''gobelin''. From this, the English ''goblin'' and Welsh ''coblyn'' may derive.〔Franklin 108.〕
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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