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Kirkcudbright, ( ; ) is a town and parish in Kirkcudbrightshire, of which it is traditionally the county town, within Dumfries and Galloway. The town lies southwest of Castle Douglas and Dalbeattie at the mouth of the River Dee, some four miles from the Irish Sea. ==History== An early rendition of the name of the town was Kilcudbrit;〔Learmonth, W (2012) Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press〕 this derives from the Gaelic ''Cille Chuithbeirt'' meaning "chapel of Cuthbert", the Anglian saint whose mortal remains were kept at the town between their exhumation at Lindisfarne and reinterment at Chester-le-Street.〔Eyre, C (1849) The History of St. Cuthbert: Or an Account of His Life, Decease, and Miracles; of the Wanderings with his Body at Intervals During CXXIV. Years; of the State of his Body from his Decease Until A.D. 1542; and of the Various Monuments Erected to His Memory., City of Westminster: James Burns〕 Spottiswood, in his account of religious houses in Scotland, mentions that the Franciscans or Grey Friars had been established at Kirkcudbright from the 12th century.〔Spottiswood, J (1655) The history of the Church of Scotland, beginning in the year of our Lord 203 and continued to the end of the reign of King James the VI of ever blessed memory : wherein are described the progress of Christianity, the persecutions and interruptions of it, the foundation of churches, the erecting of bishopricks, the building and endowing monasteries, and other religious places, the succession of bishops in their sees, the reformation of religion, and the frequent disturbances of that nation by wars, conspiracies, tumults, schisms : together with great variety of other matters, both ecclesiasticall and politicall, City of London: J. Flesher for R. Royston〕 No traces of the Greyfriars or Franciscan dwellings remain in the parish of Kirkcudbright. In 1453 Kirkcudbright became a royal burgh,〔Bell, J (2015) 'Old Kirkcudbright - History of an Ancient Parish & Burgh.', Kirkcudbright Community Website. ()〕 and about a century later, the magistrates of the town obtained permission from Queen Mary to use part of the convent and nunnery as a parish church. From around 1570, Sir Thomas MacLellan of Bombie, the chief magistrate, received a charter for the site, its grounds and gardens. MacLellan dismantled the church in order to obtain material for his new castle, a very fine house, which was built on the site.〔Coventry, M (2006) The Castles of Scotland, City of Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited〕 After defeat at the Battle of Towton, Henry VI of England crossed the Solway Firth in August 1461 to land at Kirkcudbright in support of Queen Margaret at Linlithgow. The town also for some time withstood a siege in 1547 from the English commander Sir Thomas Carleton but after the surrounding countryside had been overrun was compelled to surrender.〔(J and Burn, R (1777) The History and Antiquities of the counties of Westmorland and Cumberland. In Two Volumes. Vol 1. City of Westminster: W. Strahan; and T. Cadell (Google Books (2009) Internet Archive: http://archive.org/stream/historyandantiq00burngoog#page/n60/mode/2up.asp Account of Sir Thomas Carleton ))〕 Kirkcudbright Tolbooth was built between 1625 and 1629 and served not only as the tolbooth, but also the council offices, the burg and sheriff courts, the criminal prison and the debtors' prison. One of the most famous prisoners was John Paul Jones, hero of the American navy, who was born in nearby Kirkbean.〔(Slaving and a Murder Trial ). Retrieved on 14 November 2012.〕〔(1770 Extract of Warrant for the arrest of John Paul (Jones) ). Scan.org.uk. Retrieved on 14 November 2012.〕 The Kirkcudbright Railway opened in 1864 but the railway line and station closed in 1965.〔Canmore (2006) 'Kirkcudbright, St Mary Street, Railway Station | Canmore', Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Uniform Resource Locator: http://canmore.org.uk/site/69353/kirkcudbright-st-mary-street-railway-station〕 The war memorial dates from 1922 and is by George Henry Paulin.〔Edwards, M (2006) ‘Roll of Honour - Kirkcudbrightshire - Kircudbright’, Roll-of-Honour.com. Uniform Resource Locator: http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Kirkcudbrightshire/Kirkcudbright.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kirkcudbright」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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