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Kinetoplastida
Kinetoplastida (or Kinetoplastea, as a class) is a group of flagellated protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/5653 )〕 and characterised by the presence of an organelle called kinetoplast (hence the name). The organisms are commonly referred to as "kinetoplastids" or "kinetoplasts" The group includes a number of parasites responsible for serious diseases in humans and other animals, as well as various forms found in soil and aquatic environments. Their distinguishing feature, the presence of a kinetoplast, is an unusual DNA-containing granule located within the single mitochondrion associated with the base of the cell's flagella (the basal body). The kinetoplast contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome.
The kinetoplastids were first defined by Honigberg in 1963 as the members of the flagellated protozoans.〔 They are traditionally divided into the biflagellate Bodonidae and uniflagellate Trypanosomatidae; the former appears to be paraphyletic to the latter. One family of kinetoplastids, the trypanosomatids, is notable as it includes several genera which are exclusively parasitic. ''Bodo'' is a typical genus within kinetoplastida and including various common free-living species which feed on bacteria. Others include ''Cryptobia'' and the parasitic ''Leishmania''.
==Taxonomy==
Bronislaw M. Honigberg created the taxonomic names Kinetoplastida and Kinetoplastea in 1963.〔 Since then there is no consensus on the use of either of the two as a definite taxon. Kinetoplastea is more widely used as the class.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://eol.org/pages/2910504/overview )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=562565 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://zipcodezoo.com/key/protozoa/Kinetoplastea_Class.asp )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonName.aspx?id=198775&src=0 )〕 While Kinetoplastida is mostly used to designate the order,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://eol.org/pages/5002/names?all=1 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.metalife.com/NCBI%20Taxonomy/5653 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lvl=0&id=5653 )〕 but is also used as a class.〔 Lynn Margulis, who initially accepted Kinetoplastida as an order in 1974, later placed it as a class. Use of Kinetoplastida as an order also creates confusion as there is already an older name Trypanosomatida Kent, 1880, under which the kinetoplastids are most often placed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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