| 翻訳と辞書 |
Kinal
Kinal is a major pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in the Petén Department of the modern-day Petén Department of northern Guatemala.〔Adams et al 2004, 2005, pp. 324-326.〕 The major occupational phase for the site dates from the Late Classic period of Mesoamerican chronology (c.600–900 AD),〔Adams 2000, p.34.〕 with evidence for a substantial and expansionary building program dating from the first half of the 8th century AD.〔Adams 1999, p.125.〕 Kinal was discovered in the 1960s by archaeologist Ian Graham while he was carrying out an archaeological survey of the region, although no excavations were undertaken at the site at that time.〔Grazioso Sierra 1992, p.98.〕
The name Kinal means "something that heats" in the Yucatec Maya language. In the K'iche' Maya language, ''kinal'' is used to refer a sacred fire.〔 The first archaeological excavations were carried out in 1990 by the Proyecto Regional Ixcanrio ("Ixcanrio Regional Project"), directed by Richard Adams of the University of Texas.〔 The site has suffered significant damage at the hands of looters but is now protected by custodians.〔
==Location==
Kinal is located in the northeast of Guatemala's northern Petén department.〔 The ruins are situated among tropical forest on a limestone plateau projecting above surrounding swamps (known as ''bajos'') to the north and south, at an altitude of above mean sea level.〔Gutierrez 1992, p. 81. Grazioso Sierra 1992, p.98.〕 Kinal is located south of the ruins of Río Azul.〔Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 326.〕 The city was built in a defensive location and was heavily fortified. The approach to the site was protected by steep hillsides, augmented by a high platform topped by sheer walls.〔Adams 1996, p.161.〕 The fortification of the city took place between AD 680 and 810, and may have been motivated by the military catastrophe that overtook nearby Río Azul at the end of the Early Classic period (c. AD 600).〔Adams et al 2004, 2005, pp. 329, 333.〕 It is likely that Kinal superseded Río Azul as the primary centre in the region and adopted the administrative functions that were formerly the preserve of that city.〔Adams 1999, p. 197.〕
The city's main water source provides water all year round and has been used in modern times to supply a gum-gatherers' (known as ''chicleros'' in Spanish) camp at the site. A path has been opened through the forest from the camp to Fallabón, near Melchor de Mencos on the Guatemalan side of the border with Belize.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Kinal」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|