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Kentrosaurus
''Kentrosaurus'' ( ) is a genus of stegosaurian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of Tanzania. The type species is ''K. aethiopicus'', named and described by German palaeontologist Edwin Hennig in 1915. Often thought to be a "primitive" member of the Stegosauria, several recent cladistic analyses find it as more derived than many other stegosaurs, and a close relative of ''Stegosaurus'' from the North American Morrison Formation within the Stegosauridae.
Fossils of ''K. aethiopicus'' have been found only in the Tendaguru Formation, dated to the late Kimmeridgian and early Tithonian ages, about 152 million years ago. Hundreds of bones were unearthed by German expeditions to German East Africa between 1909 and 1912. Although no complete skeletons are known, the remains provided a nearly complete picture of the build of the animal.
''Kentrosaurus'' generally measured around in length as an adult, and weighed about one tonne. It walked on all fours with straight hindlimbs. It had a small, elongated head with a beak used to bite off plant material that would be digested in a large gut. It had a, probably double, row of small plates running down its neck and back. These plates gradually merged into spikes on the hip and tail. The longest spikes were on the tail end and were used to actively defend the animal. There also was a long spine on each shoulder. The thigh bones come in two different types, suggesting that one sex was larger and more stout than the other.
==Description==
''Kentrosaurus'' was a small stegosaur. It had the typical dinosaurian body bauplan, characterised by a small head, a long neck, short forelimbs and long hindlimbs, and a long, horizontal and muscular tail. Typical stegosaurid traits included the elongation and flatness of the head, the powerful build of the forelimbs, erect and pillar-like hindlimbs and an array of plates and spikes running along both sides of the top mid-line of the animal. Only a single complete tooth was known when Hennig published his monography in 1925.〔 Later, a part of a dentary, the tooth-bearing bone of the front lower jaw, was found, which bears a just emerging tooth,〔 and some tooth fragments were recovered from matrix sticking to other bones. The deep dentary is almost identical in shape to that of ''Stegosaurus'', albeit much smaller. Similarly, the tooth is a typical stegosaurian tooth, small with a widened base and vertical grooves creating five ridges.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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