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Kartli ((グルジア語:ქართლი) ) is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the river Mtkvari (Kura), on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated. Known to the Classical authors as Iberia, Kartli played a crucial role in the ethnic and political consolidation of the Georgians in the Middle Ages. Kartli had no strictly defined boundaries and they significantly fluctuated in the course of history. After the partition of the kingdom of Georgia in the 15th century, Kartli became a separate kingdom with its capital at Tbilisi. The historical lands of Kartli are currently divided among several administrative regions of Georgia. The Georgians living in the historical lands of Kartli are known as Kartleli (ქართლელი) and comprise one of the largest geographic subgroups of the Georgian people. Most of them are Eastern Orthodox Christians adhering to the national Georgian Orthodox Church and speak a dialect, which is the basis of the modern Georgian literary language. == Etymology == The toponym "Kartli" first emerges in written accounts in the 5th-century ''Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik'', the earliest surviving piece of Georgian literature. According to the medieval ''Georgian Chronicles'', Kartli derives its name from Kartlos, the mythic Georgian ethnarch, who built a city on the Mtkvari; it was called Kartli (probably at the latter-day Armazi), a name which generalized to the country ruled by Kartlos and his progeny.〔Rapp (2003), p. 427〕 Kartlos seems to be a medieval contrivance and his being the eponymous founder of Kartli is not convincing. The medieval chronicler characteristically renders this name with the Greek nominative suffix –ος (''os''), as Stephen H. Rapp of Georgia State University (Atlanta) assumes, "in order to impart the account with a sense of antiquity".〔Rapp (2003), p. 136〕 The term itself ultimately derives from Proto-Kartvelian root '' *kart-'' ("Georgian"), which is considered an ancient inner-Kartvelian formation by modern linguists. See ქართლი and ქართველი for more. On the other hand, professor Giorgi Melikishvili has linked the toponym Kartli with a word ''karta'' (ქართა), found in Mingrelian (a Kartvelian sister language of Georgian) and in some western Georgian dialects and meaning "a cattle pen" or "an enclosed place". The root ''kar'' occurs in numerous placenames across Georgia and, in the view of Melikishvili, displays semantic similarity with the Indo-European prototype; cf. Germanic ''gardaz'' ("enclosure", "garden"), Lithuanian ''gardas'' ("enclosure", "hurdle", "cattle pen"), Old Slavic ''gradu'' ("garden", also "city"), and Hittite ''gurtas'' ("fortress").〔Khintibidze (1998), pp. 90-97〕 Parallels have also been sought with the Khaldi and Carduchi of the Classical sources.〔Khintibidze (1998), p. 103〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kartli」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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