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Kalabhras dynasty
The Kalabhras dynasty ((タミル語:களப்பிரர்)) ruled over the entire Ancient Tamil country between the 3rd and the 7th century in an era of South Indian history called the ''Kalabhra interregnum''. The Kalabhras, possibly Jain, displaced the kingdoms of the early Cholas, early Pandyas and Chera dynasties by a revolt. The Kalabhras put an end to the ''brahmanadeya'' rights granted to the brahmans in numerous villages across southern India.
Information about the origin and reign of the Kalabhras is scarce. They left neither artifacts nor monuments, and the only sources of information are scattered mentions in Sangam, Buddhist and Jain literature. The Kalabhras were defeated by the joint efforts of the Pallavas, Pandyas and Chalukyas Badami.
== Identification ==
The identification of the Kalabhras is difficult. The chieftains of this tribe mentioned in Sangam literature are Tiraiyan of Pavattiri and Pulli of Vengadam. Romila Thapar claimed to have proved that Kalabhras were from Karnataka. The Kalavar must have been dislodged from their habitat near Tirupati by political events of the 3rd century, viz. the fall of the Satavahanas and the rise of Pallavas, resulting in political confusion in Tondaimandalam. P.T Srinivasa Iyengar identifies them with the Tamil Kalappalar clan.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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