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| rank = 8th largest Hawaiian Island }} Kahoolawe (; Hawaiian: ) is the smallest of the eight main volcanic islands in the Hawaiian Islands. Kahoolawe is located about seven miles (11.2 km) southwest of Maui and also southeast of Lanai, and it is long by wide, with a total land area of . The highest point on Kahoolawe is the crater of Lua Makika at the summit of Puu Moaulanui, which is about above sea level. Kahoolawe is relatively dry (average annual rainfall is less than )〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kahoolawe )〕 because the island's low elevation fails to generate much orographic precipitation from the northeastern trade winds, and Kahoolawe is located in the rain shadow of eastern Maui's high volcano, Haleakalā. More than one quarter of Kahoolawe has been eroded down to saprolitic hardpan soil. Kahoolawe has always been sparsely populated, due to its lack of fresh water.〔(Robert C. Schmitt and Carol L. Silva: Population Trends on Kahoolawe )〕 During World War II, Kahoolawe was used as a training ground and bombing range by the Armed Forces of the United States. After decades of protests, the U.S. Navy ended live-fire training exercises on Kahoolawe in 1990, and the whole island was transferred to the jurisdiction of the state of Hawaii in 1994. The Hawaii State Legislature established the Kahoolawe Island Reserve to restore and to oversee the island and its surrounding waters. Today Kahoolawe can be used only for native Hawaiian cultural, spiritual, and subsistence purposes. The U.S. Census Bureau defines Kahoolawe as Block Group 9, Census Tract 303.02 of Maui County, Hawaii. Kahoolawe has no permanent residents.〔(Block Group 9, Census Tract 303.02, Maui County ) United States Census Bureau〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kahoolawe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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