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Kabwe
Kabwe is the capital of the Zambian Central Province with a population estimated at 202,914 at the 2010 census. Formerly named Broken Hill, it was founded when lead and zinc deposits were discovered in 1902. Kabwe also has a claim to being the birthplace of Zambian politics as it was an important political centre during the colonial period.〔(The Times of Zambia online ), website accessed 8 March 2007: "Kabwe: the nucleus of national politics" by Kelvin Kachingwe.〕 It is an important transportation and mining centre.
== Broken Hill Mine and its legacy of pollution ==
The name ''Kabwe'' or ''Kabwe-Ka Mukuba'' means 'ore' or 'smelting' but the European/Australian prospectors named it Broken Hill after a similar mine in Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia.〔 The mine was the largest in the country for around thirty years until it was overtaken in the early 1930s by larger copper mining complexes on the Copperbelt. Apart from lead and zinc it also produced silver, manganese and heavy metals such as cadmium, vanadium, and titanium in smaller quantities.〔Bruce Kapferer: "Strategy and Transaction in an African Factory", Manchester: Manchester University Press 1972〕
In 1921 a human fossil, a skull, called Broken Hill Man or Rhodesian Man (classified as ''Homo rhodesiensis or Homo heidelbergensis'') was found in the mine.
The mine, which occupies a 2.5 km² site 1 km south-west of the town centre, is closed but metals are still extracted from old tailings. A study by the Blacksmith Institute found Kabwe to be one of the ten most polluted places in the world due mostly to heavy metal (mostly zinc and lead) tailings making their way into the local water supply.〔(The Blacksmith Institute website ) accessed 1 March 2007.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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