|
Juanillo (? - May 1598) was a chief of the Native American Tolomato people in the Guale chiefdom, in what is now Georgia. In September 1597, Juanillo led the so-called Gualean Revolt, or Juanillo's Revolt, against the cultural oppression of the indigenous population in Florida by the Spanish authorities and the Franciscan missionaries. This was the first and longest-lasting Guale rebellion in La Florida, and ended with the execution of Juanillo by a group of Native American allies of the Spanish, led by Chief Asao. ==Biography== Juanillo was ''mico'', or chieftan, of the Tolomato, and heir to the chiefdom of Guale (clan organization was matrilineal). After the arrival of the Spanish colonizers in Florida, some chiefs of the Guale tribe, whose vast territory stretched from the Altamaha River (Georgia) to Port Royal, were concerned about the spread of Christianity. Their grievances under the administration of the Spanish governor, Gonzalo Méndez de Cancio, included the Franciscan missionaries forbidding the Indian practices of polygamy, divorce, dancing, games and tribal wars. These proscriptions weakened his people, according to Juanillo, making them lose their old courage and skill. Juanillo's hatred of the Spanish missionaries was so intense that on the morning of September 13, 1597, his warriors killed the Franciscan Friar Corpa at the Tolomato mission. Juanillo's men beheaded Corpa and placed his head on a spike. The next day Juanillo called on other Native American leaders in the area by getting expelled from their lands to the Spanish. All of them committing murder to the other missionaries who roamed the region. The rebellion became widespread in the province of Guale. Most of the missions in this area were attacked by Amerindians and five Franciscans were killed. News of the rebellion reached St. Augustine in early October. De Canço, who was sick in bed, got up and organized a relief expedition that he led himself. The Indians in Guale were burning churches and maiming and killing missionaries. Unable to catch the Indian rebels, de Canço had to content himself with burning their villages and destroying their crops. He took one prisoner who told him about the death of the friar. In May 1598, de Canço rescued the only missionary survivor of the Juanillo massacre, Friar Francisco Dávila, who had been enslaved by the Indians in the town of Tulufina,〔 not far from Tolomato.〔Martínez Rivas, José Ramón, García Carbajos , Rogelio; and Estrada Luis, Secundino (1992). ''Historia de una emigración: asturianos a América, 1492-1599'' (in Spanish: History of an emigration: Asturians in Americas). Oviedo.〕 De Canço´s troops suppressed the rebellion, which ended decisively when an expedition of Indian allies of the Spanish, led by the ''mico'' (chief) of Asao, attacked Juanillo's stronghold in the stockaded town of Yfusinique, killing him with 24 of his main supporters. Their deaths brought a temporary peace to Florida. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juanillo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|