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Jedars (French spelling: Djedars) is the modern archaeological name given to thirteen monumental Berber mausoleums south of Tiaret city in Algeria. The name is derived from the (アラビア語:جدار ) ''jidār'' (wall) which is used locally to refer to ancient ruins. These pre-Islamic tombs date from Late Antiquity (4th-7th? centuries CE).〔Unless otherwise indicated, information has been taken from Kadra's (1983) publication, which is the most detailed archaeological work on the subject. See also LaPorte (2005) who supplies some information omitted from Kadra's work as published.〕 == Construction == The tombs are situated on the tops of two hills in the mountainous Frenda area about 30 km south of Tiaret. There are 3 on Jabal Lakhdar (), and 10 on Jabal Arawi (, also known as Ternaten) 6 km south of the first group. Their size and commanding situation indicates they were built for royalty. They have been systematically plundered for many centuries and hence are in a state of ruin. The monuments were built straight onto the substratum or with very shallow excavation. Some stone was quarried from local limestone and sandstone, some was recycled from nearby settlements and necropoli of earlier times. The materials vary widely: dressed stone blocks 1-1.5 m. long, partially dressed blocks up to 2.4 m. long, natural rock slabs with minimal dressing, old tombstones, old building fragments. Most of the construction is dry stone, lime mortar is used sparingly. The 13 Jedars share many characteristics, and there are many similarities with much smaller Berber tombs, called ''bazinas'', that are common in the pre-Sahara zone. This shows that they represent an indigenous Berber tradition, in spite of their use of Roman building techniques and Mediterranean Christian iconography. The characteristics are:〔LaPorte (2005) p. 337 tabulates the known measurements.〕 * A square body, the largest being 46 m. on a side, and the smallest 11.55 m., with a height of up to 4 m. In some cases, the body is solid stonework, in the largest examples it contains funerary chambers. * A pyramidal top, which in all cases is very much ruined, but which must have been originally up to 13 m. high, constructed in many small steps (rise and tread about equal at around 0.2-0.25 m.). The top is mostly solid masonry, but in those jedars that contain funerary chambers, removable steps on one side conceal a passage leading down into the chambers, the ceilings of which may protrude up into the top. * Most, perhaps all, were surrounded by a courtyard, square except for an extension in the middle of the side facing east. In the larger ones this extension contains a small building modeled after the main monument. This building is believed to have been used for obtaining divinatory dreams by sleeping in the vicinity of the tomb. * Most if not all were further surrounded by a complex of low walls. It is believed that the solid jedars that do not contain funerary chambers may cover a single tomb excavated into the bedrock. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jedars」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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