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Jamshid () ((ペルシア語:جمشید), ''Jamshīd'') (Middle- and New Persian: جم, ''Jam'') (Avestan: ''Yima'') is a mythological figure of Greater Iranian culture and tradition. In tradition and folklore, Jamshid is described as the fourth and greatest king of the epigraphically unattested Pishdadian Dynasty (before the Kayanian dynasty). This role is already alluded to in Zoroastrian scripture (e.g. ''Yasht'' 19, ''Vendidad'' 2), where the figure appears as Avestan language Yima(-Kshaeta) "(radiant) Yima," and from which the name 'Jamshid' is derived. ''Jamshid'' remains a common Iranian and Zoroastrian male name. Edward FitzGerald transliterated the name as ''Jamshyd''. In the eastern regions of Greater Iran, Central Asia, and by the Zoroastrians of the Indian subcontinent it is rendered as ''Jamshed''. ==Etymology== The name ''Jamshid'' is originally a compound of two parts, ''Jam'' and ''shid'', corresponding to the Avestan names ''Yima'' and ''Xšaēta'', derived from the proto-Iranian '' *Yamah Xšaitah''. ''Yamah'' and the related Sanskrit ''Yama'' are interpreted as "the twin," perhaps reflecting an Indo-Iranian belief in a primordial Yama and Yami pair. By regular sound changes (y → j, and the loss of the final syllable) Avestan ''Yima'' became Middle Persian ''Jam'', which was subsequently continued into New Persian. There are also a few functional parallels between Avestan Yima and Sanskrit Yama, for instance, ''Yima'' was the son of ''Vivaŋhat'', who in turn corresponds to the Vedic ''Vivasvat'', "he who shines out", a divinity of the Sun. Both Yamas in Iranian and Indian myth guard Hell with the help of two four-eyed dogs.〔http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/iml/iml08.htm〕 ''Xšaitah'' meant "bright, shining" or "radiant" and is probably cognate with the Sanskrit word "Shrestha". By regular sound changes (initial xš → š (sh); ai → ē; t → d between vowels; and dropping of the final syllable) ''xšaitah'' became Persian ''shēd'' or ''shid''. In the Western Iranian languages such as Persian, the vowel /ē/ is pronounced as /i/. Consequently, ''Jamshēd'', as is pronounced in Tajikistan, Pakistan and Afghanistan is now pronounced ''Jamshid'' in Iran. The suffix ''-shid'' is the same as that found in other names such as ''khorshid'' ("the Sun" from Avestan ''hvarə-xšaēta'' "radiant Sun"). The modern Turkish name ''Cem'' is derived from Persian ''Jam''. The ''jam'' in 'Jamshid' is not etymologically related to the Persian homonym for "pure," which has another root. Persian ''jam'' is the root of Arabic ''ajam''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jamshid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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