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Aissawa
The Aissawa (also Aissawa, Issawa, Aissaoua, Issaoua) is a religious and mystical brotherhood founded in Meknes, Morocco, by ''Sheikh al-Kamil'' Mohamed al-Hadi ben Issa (or Aissa) (1465–1526), best known as the ''Shaykh Al-Kamil'', or "Perfect Sufi Master". The terms Aissawiyya (`Isawiyya) and Aissawa (`Isawa), derive from the name of the founder, and respectively designate the brotherhood (tariqa, literally: "way") and its disciples (fuqara, sing. to fakir, literally: "poor").
They are known for their spiritual music, which generally comprises songs of religious psalms, characterized by the use of the oboe ghaita (similar to the mizmar or zurna) accompanied by percussion using polyrhythm.
Complex ceremonies, which use symbolic dances to bring the participants to ecstatic trance, are held by the Aissawa in private during domestic ritual nights (''lîla''-s), and in public during celebrations of national festivals (the ''moussem''-s, which are also pilgrimages) as well as during folk performances or religious festivities, such as Ramadan, or mawlid, the "birth of the Prophet." These are organized by the Moroccan and Algerian States.
==Founder of the brotherhood: Muhammad Ben Issa==
Some details regarding Ben Issa remain unknown. He has a controversial genealogy and a hagiography that projects the image of a Sufi master and legendary ascetic of considerable spiritual influence. Ben Issa built his own mausoleum in the monastery or Zaouia in the city of Meknes. This is now a destination for his modern followers to visit and pray while participating in individual or collective acts of piety. Ben Issa was initiated into Sufism by three masters of the ''tariqa'' Shadhiliyya/Jazuliyya: Abu al-Abbas Ahmad Al-Hariti (Meknes), Abdelaziz al-Tebaa (Marrakesh) and Muhammad as-Saghir as-Sahli (Fès).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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