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Hyphalosaurus
''Hyphalosaurus'' (meaning "submerged lizard") is a genus of freshwater aquatic reptiles which represent a major part of the Jehol Biota. They lived during the early Cretaceous period (Aptian age), about 122 million years ago. The genus contains two species, ''H. lingyuanensis'' and ''H. baitaigouensis'', both from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. They are among the best-known animals from the Jehol Biota, with thousands of fossil specimens representing all growth stages in scientific and private collections.
==Description and biology==
''Hyphalosaurus'' fossils are relatively widespread in the Jehol beds, which represent a series of freshwater lakes. Several specimens of ''H. lingyuanensis'' and thousands of ''H. baitaigouensis'' specimens are known from the Yixian Formation, including entire growth series from embryos in eggs to fully grown adults.〔Ji Q., Ji, S., Lü, J., You, H. and Yuan, C. (2006). "Embryos of Early Cretaceous Choristodera (Reptilia) from the Jehol Biota in western Liaoning, China." ''Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea'', 22(1): 111-118.〕 ''H. baitaigouensis'' was originally reported from the younger Jiufotang Formation, though subsequent study showed that the fossil beds it was found in might also belong to the Yixian, though from younger rocks and a different region than ''H. lingyuanensis''.〔 ''H. lingyuanensis'' and ''H. baitaigouensis'' were largely similar in anatomy, both achieved a maximum adult body size of about 0.8 meters. They had small heads with numerous needle-like teeth, and extremely long tails with more than 55 vertebrae. The primary difference between the two species is the number of vertebrae in the neck. ''H. lingyuanensis'' had 19 neck vertebrae, while ''H. baitaigouensis'' had 26.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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