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Hippeis
''Hippeis'' (, singular ἱππεύς, ''hippeus'') is a Greek term for cavalry. In ancient Athenian society, the ''hippeus'' was the second highest of the four social classes, after the political reforms of Solon. It was composed of men who had at least 300 bushels (or their equivalent) as yearly income. This would permit them with the ability to purchase and maintain a war horse during their service to the state.
Its counterparts were the Roman Equestrians and medieval knights.
==Early formations==
In Sparta, the ''hippeus'' was the royal guard of honour. It consisted of 300 Spartan youth under the age of thirty. These soldiers were initially mounted, and they would then serve as heavily armed foot soldiers after some time. The Athenian cavalry was formed after the Greco-Persian War in the 5th century BC; it originally consisted of 300 men and then increased to 1,200 men following Athens' Golden Age. This included 200 mounted bowmen (''hippotoxōtœ'') and 1,000 Athenian citizens. The ''hippeus'' continued drilling in times of peace. They also took part in processions at public festivals. They were commanded by two ''hipparchi'' who superintended the levy. Subordinated to each ''hipparch'' were five ''phylarchi'', who each commanded a ''phyla''. Both sets of officers were drawn from the two highest classes. It was the duty of the boule (council) to see that the cavalry was in good condition and to examine new members with respect to their equipment and
The number of horsemen dispatched was determined by the decree of the popular assembly. Every horseman received equipment money on joining and a subsidy for keeping a groom and two horses; this grew to be an annual grant from the state, amounting to forty talents, but regular pay was only given in the field.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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