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Hegira
The Hegira or Hijrah (), also romanized as Hijra and Hejira, is the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed by him to Medina, in the year 622 CE.〔 In June 622 CE, after being warned of a plot to assassinate him, Muhammad secretly left his home in Mecca to emigrate to Yathrib, north of Mecca, along with his companion Abu Bakr.〔Moojan Momen (1985),''An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism'', Yale University Press, New edition 1987, p. 5.〕 Yathrib was soon renamed ''Madīnat an-Nabī'', literally "the City of the Prophet", but ''an-Nabī'' was soon dropped, so its name is "Medina", meaning "the city".〔F. A. Shamsi, "The Date of Hijrah", ''Islamic Studies'' 23 (1984): 189-224, 289-323 ((JSTOR link 1 ) + (JSTOR link 2 )).〕
The Hegira is also often identified erroneously with the start of the Hijri calendar which was set to Julian 16 July 622.
== First Hegira==
(詳細はNegus in Ethiopia (who ruled Abyssinia at the time). Muhammad himself did not join this emigration. In that year, his followers fled Mecca's leading tribe, the Quraysh, who sent emissaries to Ethiopia to bring them back to Arabia. The nascent movement faced growing opposition and persecution. When Muhammad and his followers received an invitation from the people of Yathrib, they decided to leave Mecca.
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