|
One of the most important goddesses of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion is the personification of dawn as a beautiful young woman. Her name is reconstructed as ''Hausōs'' (PIE ' or ', an ''s''-stem), besides numerous epithets. Derivatives of ' in the historical mythologies of Indo-European peoples include Indian ''Uṣas'', Greek Ἠώς (''Ēōs''), Latin ''Aurōra'', and Baltic ''Aušra'' ("dawn", c.f. Lithuanian ''Aušrinė''). Germanic '' *Austrōn-'' is from an extended stem '.〔Mallory (1997:148—149).〕 The name ' is derived from a root '' / '' "to shine",〔Pokorny (1959) s.v. ''au̯es-'' (p. 86f.); ablaut grades ''ā̆us-, u̯es-, us-''.〕 thus translating to "the shining one". Both the English word east and the Latin ''auster'' "south" are from a root cognate adjective '. Also cognate is ''aurum'' "gold", from '. The name for "spring season", ' is also from the same root. The dawn goddess was also the goddess of spring, involved in the mythology of the Indo-European new year, where the dawn goddess is liberated from imprisonment by a god (reflected in the Rigveda as Indra, in Greek mythology as Dionysus and Cronus). Besides the name most amenable to reconstruction, ', a number of epithets of the dawn goddess may be reconstructed with some certainty. Among these is '' *wenos-'' (also an ''s''-stem), whence Sanskrit ''vanas'' "loveliness; desire", used of Uṣas in the Rigveda, and the Latin name ''Venus'' and the Norse Vanir. The name indicates that the goddess was imagined as a beautiful nubile woman, who also had aspects of a love goddess. As a consequence, the love goddess aspect was separated from the personification of dawn in a number of traditions, including Roman Venus vs. Aurora, and Greek Aphrodite vs. Eos. The name of Aphrodite may still preserve her role as a dawn goddess, etymologized as "she who shines from the foam ()" (from ''aphros'' "foam" and ''deato'' "to shine").〔Janda (2010), p. 65〕 J.P. Mallory and Douglas Q. Adams (1997)〔Mallory, J.P. and D.Q. Adams. ''Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture''. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing, 1997.〕 have also proposed an etymology based on the connection with the Indo-European dawn goddess, from ' "very" and ' "to shine". Other epithets include Ἠριγόνη Erigone "early-born" in Greek. The Italic goddess Mater Matuta "Mother Morning" has been connected to Aurora by Roman authors (Lucretius, Priscianus). Her festival, the ''Matralia'', fell on 11 June, beginning at dawn.〔West (2007:226).〕 The abduction and imprisonment of the dawn goddess, and her liberation by a heroic god slaying the dragon who imprisons her, is a central myth of Indo-European religion, reflected in numerous traditions. Most notably, it is the central myth of the Rigveda, a collection of hymns surrounding the Soma rituals dedicated to Indra in the new year celebrations of the early Indo-Aryans.〔 The view of Ushas and the surrounding Rigvedic ritual as a New Year celebration was first suggested by Hillebrandt in the 1920s. The proposal was at the time rejected by critics, but has since become the mainstream view, following a learned defense by Kuiper (1960). See West (2007), p. 225.〕 ==See also== * Dawn goddess * Earendel 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hausos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|