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Harpagophytum
''Harpagophytum'', also called grapple plant, wood spider and most commonly devil's claw, is a genus of plants in the sesame family, native to southern Africa. It owes its common name Devil's Claw to the peculiar appearance of its hooked fruit. The plant's large tuberous roots are used medicinally to reduce pain and fever, and to stimulate digestion. European colonists brought devil's claw home where it was used to treat arthritis.
''Harpagophytum procumbens'' is mainly found in the eastern and south eastern parts of Namibia, Southern Botswana and the Kalahari region of the Northern Cape, South Africa. ''Harpagophytum zeyheri'' is found in the northern parts of Namibia (Ovamboland) and southern Angola. The active ingredient is harpagoside (structure at PubChem ()) with values ranging in both species from 1.0% to 3.3%.
The name "devil's claw" is also used for several species of North American plants in the genus ''Proboscidea'', as well as ''Urtica dioica'' and certain species of ''Pisonia''.
== Research and folk medicine ==
Devil's claw or an extract of its constituents, such as iridoid glycosides ("harpagoside") or phenylpropanoid glycosides, is commonly used in folk medicine in some parts of the world (e.g., Kalahari region of southern Africa). Although no clinical benefit has been proven to date, there is possibility for effect in treating low back pain or osteoarthritis. However, numerous risks exist in using Devil's claw, including diarrhea.〔 Devil's claw preparations are under basic research to identify their potential biological activities.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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