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Hanamachi
is a Japanese geisha district. The word's literal meaning is "flower town". Such districts contain various ''okiya'' (geisha houses) and ''ochaya'' (teahouses).
Historically, ''Hanamachi'' typically contained a number of ''okiya'' and ''ochaya'', along with a ''kaburenjō''.
The ''kaburenjō'' was a meeting place for geisha, usually with a theatre, rooms where geisha classes can be held, and the ''kenban'' offices, which dealt with geisha's pay, regulation and similar matters. Gion, a district in Kyoto, also has a vocational school, called ''Nyokoba''. Many of the teachers there are designated as Living National Treasures. The onsen geisha communities of onsen (hot spring resort) towns are not considered hanamachi, and not listed below.
== Yūkaku ==
''Hanamachi'' were preceded by and should not be confused with traditional courtesan/prostitution districts known as . These were three districts, established in the early 1600s in Kyoto, Osaka, and Edo (now Tokyo), respectively: Shimabara for Kyōto (1640〔Avery, Anne Louise. ''Flowers of the Floating World: Geisha and Courtesans in Japanese Prints and Photographs, 1772–1926'' (Catalogue ) (Sanders of Oxford & Mayfield Press: Oxford, 2006)〕), Shinmachi for Ōsaka (1624–1644〔) and Yoshiwara for Edo (1617〔). The workers in these districts were known as , of which the highest ranked were ''oiran,'' and rather than the ''ochaya'' and ''okiya'' of geisha, these featured ageya as entertainment venues. Geisha developed about a century later, in the mid-1700s, often in courtesan districts, and thus these districts developed into ''hanamachi.'' All three districts are now defunct, both as courtesan districts and geisha districts, though some tourist-oriented establishments are preserved in Shimabara, Kyoto, and some conventional sex work establishments continue to exist in Yoshiwara, Tokyo.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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