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HA(L)-3
HA(L)-3, (Helicopter Attack Squadron (Light) 3), nicknamed the “Seawolves”, was an all-volunteer US Navy squadron formed in support of Naval Special Warfare operations and Mobile Riverine Forces during the Vietnam War.
==Beginnings of the Navy helicopter gunship==
Prior to the Vietnam War, the helicopter was a valued tool within the United States Army for reconnaissance, Search and Rescue (SAR), and medical evacuation of wounded (MEDEVAC).〔HELIS.com, Helicopter History Website, “Gunship Helicopters”, http://www.helis.com/types/gunship.php〕 Helicopters within the United States Navy were used for Search and Rescue (SAR), Vertical replenishment (VERTREP), Marine amphibious envelopment, and, experimentally, as mine sweepers. As an offensive weapon, the Navy developed the helicopter as an anti-submarine warfare aircraft, developing the capability to carry and launch torpedoes.〔United States Naval Aviation 1910 – 1995, Roy A. Grossnick, Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. Washington, D.C.〕 As an offensive weapon for ground-based targets, the helicopter was relatively ignored in favor of traditional, fixed-wing aircraft.
In 1965, the US Navy began joint operations off the coast southern coast of South Vietnam in support of the growing war. In the same year, the Navy began limited river operations in the Mekong Delta to disrupting the Viet Cong's lines of communications, locating supply caches, and eliminating tax collecting stations. Based on the “Brown-water” Navy’s early success, a commitment was made to continue river operations on a full scale basis in the Mekong Delta. It was also determined that key to the survival of the boats operating in the rivers would be close air support.〔Navy Seawolves – Early History, HA(L)-3 Official Website, http://www.seawolf.org/history/hal3_history.asp〕
Initially, the Brown-water Navy was supported by elements of the 145th Army Combat Aviation Battalion who had greater experience in helicopter gunship operations and tactics. Operating off a “Mothership”, the USS ''Belle Grove'' (LSD-2), the Army and Navy worked together on Operation Jackstay. Although the joint effort was a success, it was felt that Naval Aviators and Aircrewman would be more suitable for the mission, especially since the mission would require the pilots and crews to operate off the deck of ships in all weather conditions, day and night. This, coupled with Army’s pilots and aircrews lack of training in ship board operations, identified a need for a dedicated, United States Navy, helicopter gunship program in Vietnam.〔Navy Seawolves – Early History, HA(L)-3 Official Website, http://www.seawolf.org/history/hal3_history.asp〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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