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Guzheng
The guzheng or gu zheng (, pronounced ), also simply called zheng (箏, ''gu'' 古 means "ancient"), is a Chinese plucked zither. It has 18 or more strings and movable bridges, and the modern guzheng usually has 21 strings and bridges. The picks (called "DaiMao") used by performers to play guzheng are often made out of the shells of hawksbill turtles.
The ''guzheng'' is the ancestor of several Asian zither instruments, such as the Japanese ''koto'',〔〔yatga'',〔 the Korean ''gayageum'',〔 and the Vietnamese ''đàn tranh''.〔 The ''guzheng'' should not be confused with the ''guqin'' (another ancient Chinese zither with no moveable bridges).
==History==
The early types of ''guzheng'' emerged during the Warring States period (475 to 221 BCE) where the slaughter of cattle,hogs, horses and especially dogs was rampant. Intestines of dog were made as a strings for the ''guzheng'' which is commonly, commonly called catgut.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Sound of History )〕 It was largely influenced by the ''se''. It became prominent during the Qin period (221 to 206 BCE), and by the Tang Dynasty (618 CE to 907 CE), the ''guzheng'' was arguably the most commonly played instrument in China.〔 Musicological studies in the late 20th century indicate that early bamboo tube zithers might be one of the prototypes of the guzheng, koto, gayageum, and the đàn tranh.〔Le, Tuan Hung. Dan Tranh Music of Vietnam : Traditions and Innovations. Melbourne, Tokyo : Australia Asia Foundation, 1998. ISBN 0958534306 (hard back); ISBN 0958534314 (paperback), pages 5-8〕〔Kusano Taeko. "Classification and Playing Technique: A Study of Zithers in Asia", in Asian Musics in an Asian Perspective. editors, Koizumi Fumio, Tokumaru Yoshihiko, Yamaguchi Osamu ; assistant editor, Richard Emmert. Tokyo : Heibonsha, c1977, page 131〕〔Liang Ming Yue. "Zheng" in New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, volume 3 (1984), page 839〕〔Kaufmann, Walter. Musical References in the Chinese Classics. Detroit Monographs in Musicology. Detroit : Information Coordinators, 1976, page 101〕〔Rault-Leyrat, Lucie. La Cithare Chinoise Zheng. Paris : Le Leopard d'Or, 1987, pages 7-28,〕
The modern zheng is very different from ones made centuries ago, mainly due to natural evolution influenced by local as well as historical environments but also because of the adoption of Western musical styles. Strings were once made from silk but now they are almost always metal-nylon which increased the instrument's capabilities, volume and timbre.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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