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Gosanke
The , also called simply Gosanke, or even Sanke, were three branches of the Tokugawa clan of Japan descended from clan founder Tokugawa Ieyasu's three youngest sons, Yoshinao, Yorinobu and Yorifusa and allowed to provide a shogun in case of need.〔Iwanami Nihonshi Jiten, ''Tokugawa Gosanke'', ''Tokugawa Owari-ke'', ''Tokugawa Kii-ke'', and ''Tokugawa Mito-ke''〕 The three houses were called Owari House of Tokugawa, Kii House of Tokugawa and Mito House of Tokugawa. However in the Edo Period the term ''gosanke'' could also refer to various other combinations of Tokugawa houses, including (1) the shogunal, Owari and Kii houses and (2) the Owari, Kii, and Suruga houses (all with the court position of ''dainagon''). Even after the abolition of the Edo period system of administrative domains (''han''), the three continue to exist.
== History ==
After he established his shogunate, Ieyasu proceeded to put members of his family in key positions. Ninth son Yoshinao was nominated daimyo of Nagoya (Owari province), tenth son Yorinobu daimyo of Wakayama (Kii province) and eleventh son Yorifusa daimyo of Mito (Hitachi province).〔 From this allocation of fiefs came the names of the houses they founded, officially called , , and ). Ieyasu gave them the right to supply a shogun in order to ensure the presence of successors to the Tokugawa shogunate in case the main line should become extinct.〔 This occurred twice during the Edo period: when the seventh shogun died heirless in 1716, and when the thirteenth shogun died heirless in 1858.
The three houses had the highest rank among the ''shinpan'', the daimyo who were relatives of the shogun. After the Meiji Restoration, under the ''kazoku'' system, the heads of the three houses became marquesses. In 1929 the head of the Mito House was elevated from marquess to duke.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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