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In basketball, goaltending is the violation of interfering with the ball while its on its way to the basket and it is (a) in a downward flight and might not go in, (b) entirely above the rim and has the possibility of entering the basket, and (c) not touching the rim.〔 Rule 4, Section 22〕〔(NBA Official Rules (2009-2010) ) Rule 11, Section I, f. Retrieved July 26, 2010〕〔(2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules ) Rule 4, Section 34, Article 1, a,b. Retrieved July 26, 2010〕 In NCAA basketball, WNBA and NBA basketball, goaltending is also called if the ball has already touched the backboard while being above the height of the rim in its flight, regardless of whether it being in an upward or downward flight or whether it is directly above the rim.〔(2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules ) Rule 4, Section 34, Article 3. Retrieved July 26, 2010〕〔(NBA Official Rules (2009-2010) ) Rule 11, Section I, c, d. Retrieved July 26, 2010〕 Goaltending in this context defines by exclusion what is considered a legal block of a field goal. In high school and NCAA basketball, goaltending is also called when a player interferes with a free throw at any time in its flight towards the basket.〔〔(2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules ) Rule 4, Section 34, Article 2. Retrieved July 26, 2010〕 If goaltending is called for interference with a field goal, the shooting team is awarded the points for the field goal as if it had been made. In high school and NCAA basketball, if goaltending is called on a free throw, the shooting team is awarded one point and a technical foul is called against the offending player.〔(2009-2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules ) Rule 9, Section 17, Article 1, b. Retrieved July 26, 2010〕〔 Rule 10, Section 3, Article 9〕 Goaltending is commonly confused with the related violation of basket interference (also called offensive goaltending) which occurs during an attempted field goal when a player touches the basket, the rim, or the ball when it is on the rim or directly above it. Like goaltending, basket interference when committed by the defending team results in an award of points to the shooting team as if the attempted field goal had been made. FIBA rules allow a defender to block any shot that is over the rim and the ball is on its upward flight. The prohibition against goaltending was adopted by the NCAA in 1944 (and later by the NBL) specifically because of George Mikan. Prior to the advent of the high-jumping 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) Mikan, goaltending was not addressed because it was thought physically impossible. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Goaltending」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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