| 翻訳と辞書 |
Girih
Girih ((ペルシア語:گره), "knot"), also ''girih sāzī'' (, "knot making") or ''girih chīnī'' (), is an Islamic decorative art form used in architecture and handicrafts (book covers, tapestry, small metal objects), consisting of geometric lines that form an interlaced strapwork. In Iranian architecture, ''gereh sazi'' patterns were seen in banna'i brickwork, stucco, and mosaic faience work.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Encyclopaedia Iranica Online )〕 Girih has been defined as "geometric (often star-and-polygon) designs composed upon or generated from arrays of points from which construction lines radiate and at which they intersect."
Straight-edged symmetric shapes are used in girih. Girih typically consists of a strapwork that form 6-, 8-, 10-, or 12-pointed stars separated by polygons and straps, and often they were drawn in an interlacing manner. Such patterns usually consist of a repeating "unit cell" with 2-, 3-, or 6-fold rotational symmetry that tiles the plane with no gaps.
The three-dimensional equivalent of girih is called muqarnas. It is used to decorate the underside of domes or squinches.
==History==
The girih style of ornamentation is thought to have been inspired by the Syrian Roman knotwork patterns dating back to the 2nd century AD.〔 The predecessors of the girih form were curvilinear interlaced strapwork with three-fold rotational symmetry. The Umayyad Mosque (709–715), in Damascus, Syria has window screens made of interlacing undulating stapwork in the form of six-pointed stars.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=ArchNet )〕 The window grills in Khirbat al-Mafjar in Jericho (c. 730 AD) has interlaced tracery as well, but with curved lines.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher= Khalili Research Centre )〕 Carved stucco showing simple knotted strapwork at the Masjet-e Jami in Nain, Iran (c. 960) also is in the form of curved knotwork.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=ArchNet )〕 Some of the earliest architectural examples of geometric patterns made of straight strap lines can be seen in the Arab Ata Mausoleum portal (10th century), village of Tim, near Samarkand, Uzbekistan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher= ProfiMedia )〕 and in Ribat-i Mahi, Iran (1019–1020).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=ArchNet )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Girih」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|