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The ''Girgam'' is the royal chronicle of the Kanem-Bornu Empire, written in Arabic. Girgam is also used as the name for written historical records in some kingdoms west of Bornu, including Daura, Fika and Mandara. The ''Girgam'' was discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth in Kukawa, the nineteenth century capital of Bornu.〔Barth, ''Travels'', II, p. 16.〕 It provides the names of 69 rulers of Kanem-Bornu and some supplementary information concerning the length of their reigns, their ascendancy, and often some events of their reigns.〔Palmer, ''Bornu Sahara'', 89–95〕 The information given by several Arab authors (Ibn Sa'īd, al-Maqrīzī and al-Qalqashandī) confirm the validity of the data provided by the Girgam.〔Levtzion/Hopkins, ''Corpus'', pp. 188, 347, 354-5.〕 On the basis of these sources, a nearly accurate chronology of the rulers of Kanem-Bornu can be established between the tenth and the nineteenth centuries. After the fall of the Sefuwa dynasty in 1846, the supporters of the succeeding Kānemī dynasty tried to obliterate the memory of the Sefuwa as much as possible. Hence they destroyed all copies of the Girgam they could lay their hands on. The two copies of the chronicle obtained by Barth are the only ones that are known to have survived. ==See also== *Chronology of the Sefuwa (Kanem-Bornu) *Sayfawa Dynasty *Kanem Empire *Bornu Empire 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Girgam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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