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Gendarmerie
A gendarmerie or gendarmery ( or ) is, in principle, a military〔Oxford English Dictionary, entry:"gendarme"〕 force charged with police duties among civilian populations. Members of such a force are typically called "gendarmes". The ''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'' describes gendarme as "a soldier who is employed on police duties" and a "gendarmery, -erie" as "gendarmes as a body".
Modern civilian police forces may retain the title of "gendarmerie" for historical reasons.
== Etymology ==
The word ''gendarme'' comes from the Old French ''gens d'armes'', meaning men-at-arms. During the Late Medieval to the Early Modern period, the term referred to a heavily armoured cavalryman of noble birth, primarily serving in the French army (see Gendarme (historical)). The word gained policing connotations only after the French Revolution when the Maréchaussée of the Ancien Régime was renamed the Gendarmerie.
Historically, the spelling in English was ''gendarmery'', but now the French spelling ''gendarmerie'' is more common. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') uses ''gendarmery'' as the principal spelling; Merriam-Webster uses ''gendarmerie'' as the principal spelling.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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