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Gellish is a formal language that is natural language independent, although its concepts have 'names' and definitions in various natural languages. Any natural language variant, such as Gellish Formal English is a controlled natural language. Information and knowledge can be expressed in such a way that it is computer-interpretable, as well as system-independent and natural language independent. Each natural language variant is a structured subset of that natural language and is suitable for information modeling and knowledge representation in that particular language. All expressions, concepts and individual things are represented in Gellish by (numeric) unique identifiers (Gellish UID's). This enables software to translate expressions from one formal natural language to any other formal natural language. Gellish is a universal and extendable conceptual data modeling language. Because it includes domain-specific terminology and definitions, it is also a semantic data modelling language and the Gellish modeling methodology is a member of the family of semantic modeling methodologies. Gellish started out as an engineering modeling language ("Generic Engineering Language", hence the name, "Gellish") and was subsequently developed into a language with general applications.〔Van Renssen, 2006〕 == Overview == Gellish is intended for the expression of facts (statements), queries, answers, etc. For example, for the complete and unambiguous specification of business processes, products, facilities and physical processes; for information about their purchasing, fabrication, installation, operation and maintenance; and for the exchange of such information between systems, although in a system-independent, computer-interpretable and language independent way. It is also intended for the expression of knowledge and requirements about such things. The definition of Gellish can be derived from the definition of Gellish Formal English by considering 'expressions' as relations between the Unique Identifiers only. The definition of Gellish Formal English is provided in the Gellish English Dictionary-Taxonomy, which is a large 'smart dictionary' of concepts with relations between those concepts (earlier it was called STEPlib). The Dictionary-Taxonomy is called a 'smart dictionary', because the concepts are arranged in a subtype-supertype hierarchy, making it a taxonomy that supports inheritance of properties from supertype concepts to subtype concepts. Furthermore, because together with other relations between the concepts, the smart dictionary is extended into an ontology. Gellish has basically an extended object-relation-object structure to express facts by relations, whereas each fact may be accompanied by a number of auxiliary facts about the main fact. Examples of auxiliary facts are author, dates, status, etc. To enable an unambiguous interpretation Gellish includes the definition of a large number (more than 650) of standard relation types that determine the rich semantic expression capability of the language. In principle, for every natural language there is a Gellish variant that is specific for that language. For example, Gellish Dutch (Gellish Nederlands), Gellish Italian, Gellish English, (Gellish Russian ), etc. Gellish does not invent its own terminology, such as Esperanto, but uses the terms from natural languages. Thus, the Gellish English dictionary-taxonomy is like an (electronic) ordinary dictionary that is extended with additional concepts and with relations between the concepts. For example, the Gellish dictionary-taxonomy contains definitions of many concepts that also appear in ordinary dictionaries, such as kinds of physical objects like building, airplane, car, pump, pipe, properties such as mass and color, scales such as kg and bar, as well as activities and processes, such as repairing and heating, etc. In addition to that the dictionary contains concepts with composed names, such as 'hairpin heat exchanger', which will not appear in ordinary dictionaries. The main difference with ordinary dictionaries is that the Gellish dictionary also includes definitions of standard kinds of relations (''relation types''), which are denoted by standard Gellish English phrases. For example, it defines relation types such as Gellish expressions may be expressed in any suitable format, such as SQL or RDF or OWL or even in the form of spreadsheet tables, provided that their content is equivalent to the tabular form of Gellish Naming Tables (which define the vocabulary) and Fact Tables (together defining a Gellish Database content) or equivalent to Gellish Message Tables (for data exchange). An example of the core of a Message Table is the following: A full Gellish Message Table requires additional columns for unique identifiers, the intention of the expression, the language of the expression, cardinalities, unit of measure, the validity context, status, creation date, author, references, and various other columns. Gellish Light only requires the three above columns, but then it does not support, for example, capabilities to distinguish homonyms; automated translation; and version management, etc. Those capabilities and several others are supported by Full Gellish. The following example illustrates the use of some additional columns in a Gellish Message Table. The collection of standard relation types define the kinds of facts that can be expressed in Gellish, although anybody can create his own proprietary extension of the dictionary and thus can add concepts and relation types as and when required. As Gellish is a formal language, any Gellish expression may only use concepts that are defined in a Gellish dictionary, or the definition of such a concept should be defined ad hoc within the collection of Gellish expressions. Knowledge bases can be created by using the Gellish language and its concept definitions in a Gellish Dictionary. Example applications of a Gellish dictionary are usage as a source of classes for classification of equipment, documents, etc., or as standard terminology (metadata) or to harmonize data in various computer systems, or as a thesaurus or taxonomy in a search engine. Gellish enables automatic translation, and enables the use of synonyms, abbreviations and codes as well as homonyms, due to the use of a unique natural language independent identifier (UID) for every concept. For example, 130206 (pump) and 1225 (is classified as a). This makes certain that the concepts are identified in a natural language independent way. Therefore, various Gellish Dictionaries use the same UID's for the same concept. This means that those dictionaries provide translations of the names of the objects, as well as a translation of the standard relation types. The UID's enable that information and knowledge that is expressed in one language variant of Gellish can be automatically translated and presented by Gellish-powered software in any other language variant for which a Gellish dictionary is available. For example, the phrase For example, a computer can automatically express the second line in the above example in German as follows: Questions (queries) can be expressed as well. Queries are facilitated through standardized terms such as what, which, where and when. They can be used in combination with reserved UID's for unknowns in the range 1-100. This enables Gellish expressions for queries, such as: - query: what Gellish-powered software should be able to provide the correct answer to this query by comparing the expression with the facts in the database, and should respond with: - answer: The Eiffel Tower Note that the automatic translation capability implies that a query/question that is expressed in a particular language, say English, can be used to search in a Gellish database in another language (say Chinese), whereas the answer can be presented in English! 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gellish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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