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Gautieria
''Gautieria'' is a genus of hypogeal fungi in the family Gomphaceae. They form mycorrhizae with various tree species, mostly from the Pinaceae family. Species are present over much of the world's temperate and boreal forest habitats. It is well documented that species from this genera are an important part of the diet of the northern flying squirrel (''Glaucomys sabrinus'').〔〔〔 Also, some Australian marsupials, especially the rat-kangaroos, feed extensively on these fungi.〔 The fungi also benefit from this relationship: not only do the squirrels help to disperse the spores and propagate the species, studies suggest that passage through the digestive tract of a mammal promotes germination of spores.〔
==Taxonomy==
The genus was first described by Italian doctor and naturalist Carlo Vittadini in 1831.〔 for hypogeous (below-ground) gasteromycetes with chambers exposed to the surface and lined with a spore-bearing hymenium, a basal rhizomorph, and ovoid-fusiform, striate-grooved spores. Vittadini's original concept was based on two species he collected in Italy, ''Gauteria morchellaeformis'' and ''Gautieria graveolens''. In 1918, Zeller and Dodge examined various dried herbarium collections of ''Gautieria'', and recognized five species.〔 Additional research led to them recognizing 34 species and expanding their generic concept to include species with a well-developed peridium of periclinal hyphae at maturity.〔 As of 2008, ''Gautieria'' is thought to contain 25 species.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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