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Gardasil (Merck & Co.), also known as Gardisil or Silgard or recombinant human papillomavirus vaccine (6, 11, 16, 18 ), is a vaccine for use in the prevention of certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), specifically HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. HPV types 16 and 18 cause an estimated 70% of cervical cancers, and are responsible for most HPV-induced anal, vulvar, vaginal,〔 and penile cancer cases. HPV types 6 and 11 cause an estimated 90% of genital warts cases. Though it does not treat existing infection, vaccination is still recommended for HPV positive individuals, as it may protect against one or more different strains of the disease.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.credoreference.com.wc-ezproxy.westminster.edu/enrty/suppbioeth/the_ethics_of_vaccination )〕 The HPV strains that Gardasil protects against are sexually transmitted. It was approved in the US on June 8, 2006 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2008, Gardasil was approved in 41 of U.S. states.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.credoreference.com.wc-ezproxy.westminster.edu/entry/suppbopeth/the_ethics_of_vaccination )〕 The Gardasil vaccine has also been approved in 120 other countries. The FDA recommends vaccination before adolescence and potential sexual activity.〔〔 In December 2014, the FDA approved a nine-valent Gardasil-based vaccine, Gardasil 9, to protect against infection with the strains covered by the first generation of Gardasil as well as five other HPV strains responsible for 20% of cervical cancers (HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-45, HPV-52, and HPV-58). ==History== The research findings that pioneered the development of the vaccine began in 1991 by The University of Queensland investigators Jian Zhou and Ian Frazer in Australia . Researchers at UQ found a way to form non-infectious virus-like particles (VLP), which could also strongly activate the immune system.〔 〕 However, these VLPs assembled poorly and did not have the same structure as infectious HPV. Subsequently in 1993, a laboratory at the US National Cancer Institute made further development by generating HPV16 VLPs that were morphologically correct. These VLPs served as the basis for the HPV16 component of the Gardasil vaccine.Upon commercialization of the vaccine, disputes involving intellectual property ownership arose between the various groups that had played a role in its development. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gardasil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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