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Gandzasar monastery ((アルメニア語:Գանձասարի վանք)), is a 10th to 13th century Armenian monastery situated in the Mardakert district of de facto Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (de jure: Kalbajar Rayon). "Gandzasar" means ''treasure mountain'' or ''hilltop treasure'' in Armenian.〔Thus, the name divided into syllables, Գանձ+ա+սար, is translated as գանձ = treasure; սար = mountain or hilltop, with the letter "-ա-" (-a-), forming an agglutinative compound.〕 The monastery holds relics believed to belong to St. John the Baptist and his father St Zechariah.〔Kirakos Gandzaketsi. ''History of the Armenians'', Sources of the Armenian Tradition. New York, 1986, p. 67.〕 Gandzasar is now the seat of the Archbishop of Artsakh appointed by the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin of the Armenian Apostolic Church. ==History and architecture== The monastery at Gandzasar was first mentioned in the tenth century.〔Anania Mokatsi. On the Rebellion of the House of Aghvank. Yerevan, Luis, 1956, p. 14〕〔Chorbajian, Levon; Donabedian Patrick; Mutafian, Claude. The Caucasian Knot: The History and Geo-Politics of Nagorno-Karabagh. NJ: Zed Books, 1994〕 The construction of Gandzasar's Cathedral of St. John the Baptist began in 1216, under the patronage of the Armenian prince of Khachen, Hasan-Jalal Dawla, and it was completed in 1238 and consecrated on July 22, 1240. The complex is protected by high walls. Within the complex is the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (Սուրբ Յովհաննու Մկրտիչ եկեղեցի in Armenian), built between 1216 and 1238.〔Khatcherian, Hrair (1997). ''Artsakh: A Photographic Journey''. Eastern Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America, p. 13.〕 The drum of its dome has exquisite bas-reliefs that depict the Crucifixion, Adam and Eve, and two ministers holding a model of the church above their heads as an offering to God. The bas-reliefs have been compared to the elaborate carvings of Aghtamar,〔See Comneno, Lala M., Cuneo, P, and Manukian, S. Volume 19: Gharabagh. Documents of Armenian Art - Documenti di Architettura Armena Series. Polytechnique and the Armenian Academy of Sciences, Milan, OEMME Edizioni, 1980, Introduction〕 and some art historians consider the monastery to represent one of the masterpieces of Armenian architecture. Anatoly L. Yakobson, a prominent Soviet medieval art historian, described Gandzasar as a "pearl of architectural art....This is a unique monument of medieval architecture and monumental sculpture, which by right ought to be regarded as an encyclopedia of 13th-century Armenian art." Gandzasar's cathedral church shares many architectural forms with the main churches of two other Armenian monasteries also built in the mid-13th century: Hovhannavank Monastery and Harichavank Monastery.〔Thierry, Jean-Michel and Patrick Donabedian. ''Les Arts Arméniens''. Paris, 1987.〕〔Thierry, Jean. ''Eglises et Couvents du Karabagh''. Antelais, Lebanon, 1991, pp. 161-165〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gandzasar monastery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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