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In classical Islamic literature the futūḥ were the early Arab-Muslim conquests which facilitated the spread of Islam and Islamic civilization. Futūḥ (Arabic script فتوح, singular ''fatḥ'' فتح) is an Arabic word with the literal meaning of "openings". == Ideology == As is clear from the literal meaning of the word, ''futūḥ'' is a term with a strong ideological bias in favor of the conquests it signifies, implying their general beneficence and legitimacy. Here is Lewis on the ideology of ''futūḥ'' within classic Islamic thought: :These were not seen as conquests in the vulgar sense of territorial acquisitions, but as the overthrow of impious regimes and illegitimate hierarchies, and the "opening" of their peoples to the new revelation and dispensation... The use of the root ''ftḥ'' is thus not unlike the 20th century use of the verb "liberate", and is indeed sometimes replaced by the latter verb (''ḥarrara'') in modern Arabic writing on early Islamic history. The Arabic verb ''ghalaba'', "conquer", with its connotation of overwhelming by means of superior force, is sometimes used in early accounts of the Muslim conquests, but only in the context of actual military operations... :Underlying this usage, clearly, is a concept of the essential rightfulness or legitimacy of the Muslim advance and the subsequent illegitimacy of Muslim retreat before infidel conquest... The advance of Muslim power is thus an opening or a liberation, to give free scope to this divinely implanted propensity. :''The Political Language of Islam'', pp. 93–94 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Futuh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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