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The Fridericianum is a museum in Kassel, Germany. Built in 1779, it is one of the oldest public museums in Europe.〔(Museum Fridericianum / Kunsthalle Fridericianum ) City of Kassel. 〕 The quinquennial art festival documenta is centred on the site.〔Roberta Smith (June 22, 1992), (A Small Show Within an Enormous One ) ''New York Times''.〕 The Fridericianum was designed by Huguenot architect Simon Louis du Ry for Landgrave Friedrich II and opened in 1779 as one of the world's first independent, purpose-built public museums.〔Sharon Macdonald, ed. A Companion to Museum Studies (London: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2011)〕 An encyclopedic museum, the Fridericianum originally housed the state library of Hesse, the art collections of the Hessian landgraves, including the “Modern Statue Gallery”, as well as a medal, machinery and watch room, a print room, a manuscripts room and map gallery, scientific instruments, cork models of Roman architecture, and wax figures of historic Hessian landgraves. The Fridericianum also contained a library built to house 100,000 volumes, and was connected to the medieval Zwehrenturm tower, which had been made into an observatory.〔(About, Museum Fridericianum )〕 When, in the early 19th century, Napoleon’s youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte became King of Westphalia and Kassel was named the capital of the kingdom, the Fridericianum was repurposed as the first parliamentary building in Germany. With Jérôme’s expulsion in 1813, Fridericianum was returned to its original purpose as a museum. During that time the Brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, were employed at the library. With the beginning of Prussian rule in 1866, the museum’s collections were gradually transferred to the Prussian center of power in Berlin, and in 1913 Fridericianum ceased to function as a museum, retaining only its status as a state library. The Fridericianum was heavily damaged in World War II, during the bombing raids on Kassel in 1941 and 1943. After the war, all that remained of the Fridericianum and library were the enclosing walls and the Zwehrenturm library.〔 The surviving books were moved into the Kassel University Library. In 1955, the first documenta exhibition, founded by Arnold Bode, took place in the provisionally restored Fridericianum building. Since then documenta has been held every five years in the Fridericianum, which was fully renovated by 1982. The Fridericianum began hosting its own temporary exhibitions as well in 1988, opening with Veit Loers’ exhibition "Schlaf der Vernunft" (1988), which made reference to Fridericianum’s original purpose, juxtaposing museum objects from the Enlightenment period with those of contemporary art. In 1998 René Block took over from Loers as Artistic Director of the Fridericianum, focusing on the supposed peripheries of the global art world. Following Block, the Fridericianum was directed from 2008-2011 by Rein Wolfs, who organized the first exhibition of Danh Vo's “We the People”, for which the artist recast a life-size Statue of Liberty from 30 tons of copper sheets.〔Hilarie M. Sheets (September 20, 2012), (Lady Liberty, Inspiring Even in Pieces ) ''New York Times''.〕 Since June 2013 Susanne Pfeffer has been director of the Fridericianum.〔 ==External links== * (Home page ) * (Previous home page in English ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fridericianum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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