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|Section2= |Section6= |Section7= }} Fomepizole or 4-methylpyrazole is indicated for use as an antidote in confirmed or suspected methanol〔International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS): Methanol (PIM 335), (), retrieved on March 1, 2008〕 or ethylene glycol poisoning. It may be used alone or in combination with hemodialysis. Apart from medical uses, the role of 4-methylpyrazole in coordination chemistry has been studied. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. ==Medical use== Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, found in the liver. This enzyme plays a key role in the metabolism of ethylene glycol and methanol. * Ethylene glycol is first metabolized to glycolaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which then undergoes further oxidation to glycolate, glyoxylate, and oxalate. Glycolate and oxalate are primarily responsible for the metabolic acidosis and renal damage seen in ethylene glycol poisoning. * Methanol is first metabolized to formaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase. It then undergoes subsequent oxidation via formaldehyde dehydrogenase to become formic acid.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Forensic Pathology )〕 Formic acid is primarily responsible for the metabolic acidosis and visual disturbances associated with methanol poisoning. By competitively inhibiting the first enzyme in the metabolism of ethylene glycol and methanol, fomepizole slows the production of the toxic metabolites. The slower rate of metabolite production allows the liver to process and excrete the metabolites as they are produced, limiting the accumulation in tissues such as the kidney and eye. As a result, much of the organ damage is avoided.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fomepizole for Ethylene Glycol and Methanol Poisoning )〕 Fomepizole is most effective when given soon after ingestion of ethylene glycol or methanol. Delaying its administration allows for the generation of harmful metabolites.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fomepizole」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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