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Exomalopsis
''Exomalopsis'' is a genus of bees in the family Apidae. They occur in the Western Hemisphere, especially in the Neotropical and Nearctic regions.〔Velez-Ruiz, R. I. and A. H. Smith-Pardo. (2013). (New species of ''Exomalopsis'' and its associated cleptoparasite ''Nomada'' from Colombia with description of the nest (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila: Apidae). ) ''ISRN Entomology'' 2013 865059 10 pp.〕
==Biology==
Bees of this genus build communal nests. Several examples have been documented in the literature. ''E. aburraensis'', for example, has been known to build its nest alongside the beekeepers' honeybee hives. It excavates a tunnel over a meter deep which then branches into many underground pathways that lead to cells where larvae hatch and develop.〔 The California species ''E. nitens'' enters cracks in dry soil and digs chambers underground. There it creates a pile of food provisions and lays eggs on top. The larvae eat the food pile and then pupate.〔Rozen, J. G. and R. R. Snelling. (1986). (Ethology of the bee ''Exomalopsis nitens'' and its cleptoparasite (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). ) ''Journal of the New York Entomological Society'' 94(4) 480-88.〕 Both ''E. globosa'' and ''E. similis'' have been noted nesting in dirt roads made of gritty red clay. The gravid female piles food in a terminal cell and then molds it into a neat loaf. She lays an egg on it and then seals the cell to allow the larva to develop within.〔Raw, A. (1977). (The biology of two ''Exomalopsis'' species (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) with remarks on sociality in bees. ) ''Rev Biol Trop'' 25(1) 1-11.〕
Several ''Exomalopsis'' are associated with kleptoparasites, especially cuckoo bees. Kleptoparasitic cuckoo bees of the genera ''Hypochrotaenia'', ''Paranomada'', ''Triopasites'', ''Melanomada'', and ''Hesperonomada'' have been found using ''Exomalopsis'' nests. The newly described cuckoo bee ''Nomada medellinenses'' moves into the nests of ''E. aburraensis'' and lays its eggs there.〔
Some species are hosts for parasitoid wasps of the family Mutillidae. ''E. solani'' is parasitized by the wasp ''Pseudomethoca bethae'' and ''E. fulvofasciata'' is host to at least two species of ''Timulla''.〔Aranda, R. and G. Graciolli. (2013). (First report of ''Exomalopsis fulvofasciata'' (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) as host of two ''Timulla'' species (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). ) ''Biota Neotropica'' 13(4) 382-38.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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