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Ewell
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Ewell : ウィキペディア英語版
Ewell

Ewell is a suburban area in the borough of Epsom and Ewell in Surrey with a largely commercial village centre. Apart from this it has named neighbourhoods: West Ewell, Ewell Court, East Ewell, Ewell Grove, and Ewell Downs. One rural locality on the slopes of the North Downs is also a neighbourhood, North Looe. Remaining a large parish, Ewell occupies approximately the north-eastern half of the borough minus Stoneleigh.
It borders a south-west boundary of Greater London at Cheam and is within the capital's commuter belt and contiguous suburbs of the Greater London Built-up Area, from its centre. Ewell has the main spring, with an adjoining pond, at the head of the Hogsmill river, a small tributary of the River Thames. A majority – 73% – of the population of Ewell is in the ABC1 social class〔http://www.nsdatabase.co.uk/locationdetail.cfm?locationid=572〕
==History==
The name ''Ewell'' derives from Old English ''æwell'', which means ''river source'' or spring.
Bronze Age remains have been found in Ewell and the Romans are likely to have encountered an existing religious site when they first arrived leaving pottery, bones, and a few other remains, which have been taken to the British Museum.〔 Ewell is on a long line of spring line settlements founded along the foot of hills on a geological line between the chalk of the North Downs to the south, and the clay of the London Basin to the north.
The Roman road Stane Street from Chichester deviates from straight slightly at Ewell to pass by the central spring. Its successor, the A24 (London Road) runs from Merton to Ewell along the course of the Roman road, and leaves Ewell also with a by-pass connecting it to Epsom.
Ewell lay within the Copthorne hundred.
Ewell appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as ''Etwelle''. It was held by William the Conqueror. Its assets were: 13½ hides; 2 mills worth 10s, 16 ploughs, of meadow, woodland and herbage worth 111 hogs. It rendered £25 per year to its feudal system overlords; also £1 from the church in Leatherhead, it was held by Osbert de Ow and was attached to his manor.〔(Surrey Domesday Book )〕 In the 13th century ''Ewell'' current spelling appears, in the Testa de Nevill.
King Henry VIII established here in 1538 Nonsuch Palace on the borders of Cheam, considered one of his greatest building projects. The estate, which remains a public park, was one of his favourite hunting grounds, although no trace of the palace remains, having been destroyed during the 17th century and replaced with a grade II
* listed 18th century house occasionally open to visitors.〔Nonsuch Park House 〕
In 1618 Henry Lloyd, lord of the manor, was granted licence to hold a market in Ewell.〔 Tunnels dating from the English Civil War exist underneath Ewell but are poorly documented and inaccessible to the public. One such secret passage is reported to emerge under the shop on the corner of West Street and High Street. The market died away in the early 19th century.〔
Samuel Pepys visited Ewell on numerous occasions in the 17th century and the area is mentioned several times between 1663 and 1665 in his diary, at which time it was known as ''Yowell''.〔(Pepys' Diary Yowell References )〕
The enclosure (privatisation) of its common fields of in the east and its infertile land ('waste') of was carried out in 1801.〔 In 1811 a National School was established sponsored by Mr. White and Mr. Brumfield. Thomas Calverley built the large architecturally listed home ''Ewell Castle'' in 1814 in an imitation castellated style and gave the school financial benefaction, which became available in 1860.〔〔Ewell Castle Grade II 〕 In 1879 Ewell Court House, latterly a library was built with a grotto that survives.〔Ewell Court House Grade II 〕
In the 1980s, an elderly lifelong resident of Ewell, named Digeance, recalled the pasture land and orchards that stretched north and west right across to Berrylands in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. This radical transformation is documented in the photography collected in the book ''Archive Photos - Epsom and Ewell''.〔Richard Essen, ''The Archive Photographs Series: Epsom and Ewell'' (Stroud: The Chalford Press, 1994)〕 The suburban residential development across that area is mainly 1930s/40s semi-detached houses, although some Edwardian, Victorian and earlier architecture is still present. The Hogsmill Open Space gives an indication of Ewell's rural pre-war history.

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