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Equating
Test equating traditionally refers to the statistical process of determining comparable scores on different forms of an exam.〔Kolen, M.J., & Brennan, R.L. (1995). Test Equating. New York: Spring.〕 It can be accomplished using either classical test theory or item response theory.
In item response theory, ''equating'' is the process of equating the units and origins of two scales on which the abilities of students have been estimated from results on different tests. The process is analogous to equating degrees Fahrenheit with degrees Celsius by converting measurements from one scale to the other. The determination of comparable scores is a by-product of equating that results from equating the scales obtained from test results.
== Why is equating necessary? ==
Suppose that Dick and Jane both take a test to become licensed in a certain profession. Because the high stakes (you get to practice the profession if you pass the test) may create a temptation to cheat, the organization that oversees the test creates two forms. If we know that Dick scored 60% on form A and Jane score 70% on form B, do we know for sure which one has a better grasp of the material? What if form A is composed of very difficult items, while form B is relatively easy? Equating analyses are performed to address this very issue, so that scores are as fair as possible.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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