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Eorpeburnan
Eorpeburnan is the first place identified in the Burghal Hidage, a document created in the late 9th or early 10th century, that provides a list of thirty three fortified places mainly in Wessex. It details the location of fortifications designed to defend the West Saxon kingdom from the Vikings but also the relative size of burghal defences and their garrisons. Eorpeburnan is designated as having a hidage of 324, its precise location is lost in history, but scholars have suggested some possible sites.〔Hill. A gazetteer of Burghal Hidage sites ''in'' Hill/ Rumble The Defence of Wessex: The Burghal Hidage and Anglo-Saxon fortifications. Manchester: University Press, pp. 189-231〕〔Haslam. King Alfred and the Vikings ''in'' Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 13. p. 136〕
==Background==
Eorpeburnan is the first of thirty three fortified places (burhs〔Lavelle. Fortifications in Wessex. p. 4 - ''Burh'' does not mean fortified town ''per se''. Anglo Saxons used the word to denote any place within a boundary which could include private fortifications or simply a place with a hedge or fence round it.〕) in the ancient Kingdom of Wessex, that is listed on a document that has come to be known as the Burghal Hidage. 〔Hill/ Rumble. The Defence of Wessex. p. 5〕 The document that was created in the late 9th or early 10th century was named by Frederic William Maitland in 1897.〔〔Maitland. Domesday Book and Beyond. pp. 502 – 503〕 The network of burhs, listed in the Burghal Hidage, was part of Alfred the Great's response to a series of raids and invasions by the Vikings.〔〔Stenton, F. (1971). ''Anglo-Saxon England''. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.〕
The location of the burhs were chosen to defend the main road and river routes into Wesssex from Viking attack. 〔They were also a place of refuge, being sited such that any of the Anglo-Saxon rural population would be no more than from their nearest burh.〔Wood, Domesday Quest, p. 86〕 In addition the burhs became secure regional market centres and a place to mint coins, particularly after 973 when the coinage was reminted every five years or so .〔Welch. Anglo Saxon England. pp. 127-129〕〔Wood, Domesday Quest, p. 124〕〔Hill/ Rumble. The Defence of Wessex. p. 160〕
''Eorpe~'' the first element of the name ''Eorpeburnan'' is possibly a personal name or the Old English for ''dark'' and the ''~burnan'' probably means ''stream''.〔Nicholas Brooks. The Unidentified Forts of the Burghal ''in'' Medieval Archaeology Vol. 8. p. 81〕
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