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''Entoloma'' is a large genus of terrestrial pink-gilled mushrooms, with about 1000 species. They have a drab appearance, pink gills which are attached to the stem, a smooth thick cap, and angular spores. Most entolomas are saprobic. The best-known member of which is the livid agaric (''Entoloma sinuatum'') responsible for a number of poisonings over the years in Europe and North America, and ''Entoloma rhodopolium'' in Japan. Some southern hemisphere species found in Australia, ''Entoloma rodwayi'' and ''Entoloma viridomarginatum'', and ''Entoloma hochstetteri'' from New Zealand, are very colourful, with caps of unusual shades of green and blue-green. Most entolomas are dull shades of olive, brown, or grey and some are mycorrhizal. == Etymology== The part ''ἐντός'' means "within, inside". The part "loma" is a noun-forming element derived from Greek ''λῶμ(α)'', "fringe, hem" and used in the botanical taxonomy for naming plants distinguished by having a fringe or hem or particular kind described by the initial part of the word.〔Laurence Urdang, Alexander Humez, Howard G. Zettler , Suffixes and other word-final elements of English, 1982, p. 51〕 In the case of entoloma, the term refers to mushrooms with the hem turned inside. ==Taxonomic history== The name is derived from the Greek ''entos'' (ἐντός) meaning ''inner'' and ''lóma'' (λῶμα) meaning ''fringe'' from the in-rolled margin. The Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries classified all pink-spored gilled fungi in a series ''Hyporhodius'' within his large genus ''Agaricus'', subdividing into five tribes based on cap shape, gills and size in 1821. He later refined this in 1838, placing those with universal veils into tribe ''Volvaria'', those with free gills and a discrete stipe into tribe ''Pluteus'', those with a ''Tricholoma''-like shape into tribe ''Entoloma'', and those with a depressed cap and decurrent gills into tribe ''Clitopilus''. The small tribe ''Leptonia'' had convex fleshy membranaceous caps, the tribe ''Nolanea'', were slender fungi with bell-shaped caps and hollow stems, and lastly tribe ''Eccilia'' had umblicilate caps and adnate gills. Paul Kummer raised ''Entoloma'', ''Nolanea'', ''Leptonia'' and ''Eccilia'' to genus-level in 1871, though Lucien Quélet created a new genus ''Rhodophyllus'' uniting all those fungi with pinkish-red adnate or sinuate gills and angular spores, similar in scope to the original ''Hyporhodius''. The two classifications coexisted until recently, with those taxonomists favoring a broader genus concept following Quélet, and the others Kummer. French mycologist Henri Romagnesi took up study of the genus in what was to last over forty years, describing new species and creating a new infrageneric classification making it one of the most studied and best known agaric genera to date. Over time, more authors and texts have followed Kummer. The genus, as strictly defined, appears to be polyphyletic when looking at data produced by the molecular study by Moncalvo in 2002, with species of ''Nolanea'', ''Leptonia'' and ''Inocephalus'' interspersed with various Entoloma species in a broadly monophyletic entolomatoid group.〔Moncalvo JM, et al. 2002. One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23:357-400. Available from: (http://www.botany.utoronto.ca/faculty/moncalvo/117clade.pdf )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Entoloma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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