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Edaphosaurus
''Edaphosaurus'' (}; meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsid that lived around 300 to 280 million years ago, during the late Carboniferous to early Permian periods. The American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described ''Edaphosaurus'' in 1882, naming it for the "dental pavement" on both the upper and lower jaws, from the Greek ''edaphos''/''εδαφος'' ("ground"; also "pavement") and ''σαυρος''/''sauros'' ("lizard").
''Edaphosaurus'' is important as one of the earliest known large plant-eating (herbivorous) amniote tetrapods (four-legged land-living vertebrates). In addition to the large tooth plates in its jaws, the most characteristic feature of ''Edaphosaurus'' is a sail on its back. A number of other synapsids from the same time period also have tall dorsal sails, most famously the large apex predator ''Dimetrodon''. However, the sail on ''Edaphosaurus'' is different in shape and morphology. The first fossils of ''Edaphosaurus'' came from Texas in North America, with later finds in New Mexico, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. Fragmentary fossils attributed to ''Edaphosaurus'' also have been found in the Czech Republic and in Germany in Central Europe.
==Etymology==
The name ''Edaphosaurus'', meant as "pavement lizard",〔Miller, S. A. (1889). North American Geology and Palaeontology for the Use of Amateurs, Students, and Scientists. Western Methodist Book Concern, Cincinnati. 718 pp.〕 is often translated inaccurately as "earth lizard," "ground lizard," or "foundation lizard" based on other meanings for Greek ''edaphos'' such as "soil, earth, ground, land, base" used in Neo-Latin scientific nomenclature (edaphology). However, older names in paleontology such as ''Edaphodon'' Buckland, 1838 "pavement tooth" (a fossil fish) match Cope's clearly intended meaning "pavement" for Greek ''edaphos'' in reference to the animal's teeth.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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