|
Dielectrophoresis (or DEP) is a phenomenon in which a force is exerted on a dielectric particle when it is subjected to a non-uniform electric field.〔Pohl, H. A., 1978. ''Dielectrophoresis the behavior of neutral matter in nonuniform electric fields''. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.〕〔Morgan, H. and Green, N. ''AC Electrokinetics: Colloids and Nanoparticles''(Research Studies Press, 2002)〕〔Hughes, M.P. ''Nanoelectromechanics in Engineering and Biology'' (CRC Press, 2002)〕〔T. B. Jones, ''Electromechanics of particles'' (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995).〕〔 〕 This force does not require the particle to be charged. All particles exhibit dielectrophoretic activity in the presence of electric fields. However, the strength of the force depends strongly on the medium and particles' electrical properties, on the particles' shape and size, as well as on the frequency of the electric field. Consequently, fields of a particular frequency can manipulate particles with great selectivity. This has allowed, for example, the separation of cells or the orientation and manipulation of nanoparticles〔〔Hughes, M.P. ' AC Electrokinetics: Applications for Nanotechnology’ ''Nanotechnology'' 11 124-132〕 and nanowires. Furthermore, a study of the change in DEP force as a function of frequency can allow the electrical (or electrophysiological in the case of cells) properties of the particle to be elucidated. ==Background and Properties== Although the phenomenon we now call dielectrophoresis was described in passing as far back as the early 20th century, it was only subject to serious study, named and first understood by Herbert Pohl in the 1950s.〔H. A. Pohl, "The Motion and Precipitation of Suspensoids in Divergent Electric Fields", ''J. Appl. Phys.'' 22(7), 869–871 (1951).〕〔Pohl, H. A., 1958, "Some effects of nonuniform fields on dielectrics", ''J. Appl. Phys.'', 29(8), 1182 - 1188.〕 Recently, dielectrophoresis has been revived due to its potential in the manipulation of microparticles,〔〔〔nanoparticles and cells. Dielectrophoresis occurs when a polarizable particle is suspended in a non-uniform electric field. The electric field polarizes the particle, and the poles then experience a force along the field lines, which can be either attractive or repulsive according to the orientation on the dipole. Since the field is non-uniform, the pole experiencing the greatest electric field will dominate over the other, and the particle will move. The orientation of the dipole is dependent on the relative polarizability of the particle and medium, in accordance with Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars polarization. Since the direction of the force is dependent on field gradient rather than field direction, DEP will occur in AC as well as DC electric fields; polarization (and hence the direction of the force) will depend on the relative polarizabilities of particle and medium. If the particle moves in the direction of increasing electric field, the behavior is referred to as positive DEP (sometime pDEP), if acting to move the particle away from high field regions, it is known as negative DEP (or nDEP). As the relative polarizabilities of the particle and medium are frequency-dependent, varying the energizing signal and measuring the way in which the force changes can be used to determine the electrical properties of particles; this also allows the elimination of electrophoretic motion of particles due to inherent particle charge. Phenomena associated with dielectrophoresis are electrorotation and traveling wave dielectrophoresis (TWDEP). These require complex signal generation equipment in order to create the required rotating or traveling electric fields, and as a result of this complexity have found less favor among researchers than conventional dielectrophoresis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dielectrophoresis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|