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Dianetics is a set of ideas and practices regarding the metaphysical relationship between the mind and body created by L. Ron Hubbard; Dianetics is practiced by followers of Scientology and separate independent Dianeticist groups. Hubbard coined ''Dianetics'' from the Greek stems ''dia'', meaning "through," and ''nous'', meaning "mind." Dianetics has achieved no acceptance as a scientific theory and is a widely accepted example of a pseudoscience.〔〔 Dianetics divides the mind into three parts: the conscious "analytical mind," the subconscious "reactive mind," and the somatic mind.〔Encyclopedia of Religious Freedom, Catharine Cookson, Taylor & Francis, 2003, ISBN 0-415-94181-4.(page 430/431)〕 The goal of Dianetics is to remove the "reactive mind," which Scientologists believe prevents people from becoming more ethical, more aware, happier and saner. The Dianetics procedure to achieve this is called "auditing."〔Philosophers and Religious Leaders: An Encyclopedia of People Who Changed the World, Christian D. Von Dehsen & Scott L. Harris, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999, ISBN 1-57356-152-5. (page 90).〕 Auditing is a process whereby a series of questions is asked by the Dianetic auditor to help a person locate and deal with painful experiences of the past, which Scientologists believe to be the content of the "reactive mind." Practitioners of Dianetics believe that "the basic principle of existence is to survive" and that the basic personality of humans is sincere, intelligent, and good.〔 The drive for goodness and survival is distorted and inhibited by aberrations〔 "ranging from simple neuroses to different psychotic states to various kinds of sociopathic behavior patterns." Hubbard developed Dianetics, claiming that it could eradicate these aberrations. When Hubbard formulated Dianetics, he described it as "a mix of Western technology and Oriental philosophy". He said that Dianetics "forms a bridge between" cybernetics and General Semantics (a set of ideas about education originated by Alfred Korzybski, which received much attention in the science fiction world in the 1940s)〔Hubbard, "(Terra Incognita: The Mind )," ''The Explorers Journal'', winter 1949 / spring 1950 (on the bridge between cybernetics and general semantics)〕〔M. Kendig, editor ''Alfred Korzybski: Collected Writings, 1920-1950'', ch. 12, Institute of General Semantics, 1990 ISBN 0-910780-08-0. (Presented at the First American Congress for General Semantics, May 1935)〕 — a claim denied by scholars of General Semantics, including S. I. Hayakawa, who expressed strong criticism of Dianetics as early as 1951. Hubbard claimed that Dianetics could increase intelligence, eliminate unwanted emotions and alleviate a wide range of illnesses he believed to be psychosomatic. Among the conditions purportedly treated were arthritis, allergies, asthma, some coronary difficulties, eye trouble, ulcers, migraine headaches, 'sexual deviation' (a category which for Hubbard included homosexuality) and even death. Hubbard asserted that "memories of painful physical and emotional experiences accumulate in a specific region of the mind, causing illness and mental problems." He taught that "once these experiences have been purged through cathartic procedures he developed, a person can achieve superior health and intelligence." Hubbard also variously defined Dianetics as "a spiritual healing technology" and "an organized science of thought." Dianetics predates Hubbard's classification of Scientology as "applied religious philosophy." Early in 1951, he expanded his writings to include teachings related to the soul, or "thetan." Dianetics is practiced by several independent Dianetics-only groups not connected with Scientology, and also Free Zone or Independent Scientologists. ==History== (詳細はJournal of the American Academy of Religion'' 74:2 (2006)〕 he spent a great deal of time in the Oak Knoll Naval Hospital's library, where he encountered the work of Freud and other psychoanalysts. In April 1950, Hubbard and several others established the Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation in Elizabeth, New Jersey to coordinate work related for the forthcoming publication. Hubbard first introduced Dianetics to the public in the article ''Dianetics: The Evolution of a Science'' published in the May 1950 issue of the magazine ''Astounding Science Fiction''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 The Creation of 'Religious' Scientology ) Originally published by Stephen A. Kent in December, 1999.〕 Hubbard wrote ''Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health'' at that time, allegedly completing the 180,000-word book in six weeks.〔"L.R.H. Biography," Sea Org Flag Information Letter 67, 31 October 1977〕 The introduction of the book was the subject of an Associated Press article on March 29, 1950, with the lead "Discovery of a submind is claimed in a new book entitled ''Dianetics''". 〔''Tucson (AZ) Daily Citizen'', March 29, 1950, p12〕 When ''Dianetics'' was published in 1950, Hubbard announced in the opening pages, "The first contribution of Dianetics is the discovery that the problems of thought and mental function can be resolved within the bounds of the finite universe, which is to say that all data needful to the solution of mental action and Man’s endeavor can be measured, sensed and experienced as scientific truths independent of mysticism or metaphysics." This was in line with Hubbard’s initial presentation of Dianetics as a science, almost four years before he founded Scientology. Publication of ''Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health'' brought in a flood of money, which Hubbard used to establish Dianetics foundations in six major American cities. The scientific and medical communities were far less enthusiastic about Dianetics, viewing it with bemusement, concern, or outright derision. Complaints were made against local Dianetics practitioners for allegedly practicing medicine without a license. This eventually prompted Dianetics advocates to disclaim any medicinal benefits to avoid regulation. Hubbard explained the backlash as a response from various entities trying to co-opt Dianetics for their own use. Hubbard blamed the hostile press coverage in particular on a plot by the American Communist Party. In later years, Hubbard decided that the psychiatric profession was the origin of all of the criticism of Dianetics, as he believed it secretly controlled most of the world's governments.〔Hubbard, "Ron's Journal 67," taped message of 20 September 1969〕 By the autumn of 1950, financial problems had developed, and by November 1950, the six foundations had spent around one million dollars and were more than $200,000 in debt.〔''Dianetics and the Professions'', A.E. van Vogt, 1953〕 Disagreements emerged over the direction of the Dianetic Foundation's work, and relations between the board members became strained, with several leaving, even to support causes critical of Dianetics. One example was Harvey Jackins, founder of Re-evaluation Counselling, originally a sort of discrete reworking of Dianetics, which L Ron Hubbard later declared suppressive to Scientology. In January 1951, the New Jersey Board of Medical Examiners instituted proceedings against the Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation in Elizabeth for teaching medicine without a licence.〔''Bulletin of the Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation'', Elizabeth, NJ. January 1951〕 The Foundation closed its doors, causing the proceedings to be vacated, but its creditors began to demand settlement of its outstanding debts. Don Purcell, a millionaire Dianeticist from Wichita, Kansas, offered a brief respite from bankruptcy, but the Foundation's finances failed again in 1952. Because of a sale of assets resulting from the bankruptcy, Hubbard no longer owned the rights to the name "Dianetics",〔 but its philosophical framework still provided the seed for Scientology to grow. Scientologists refer to the book ''Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health'' as "Book One." In 1952, Hubbard published a new set of teachings as "Scientology, a religious philosophy." Scientology did not replace Dianetics but extended it to cover new areas: Where the goal of Dianetics is to rid the individual of his reactive mind engrams, the stated goal of Scientology is to rehabilitate the individual's spiritual nature so that he may reach his full potential. In 1963 and again in May 1969, Hubbard reorganized the material in Dianetics, auditing commands, and E-meter use, naming the package "Standard Dianetics." In a 1969 bulletin, "This bulletin combines HCOB 27 April 1969 ‘R-3-R Restated’ with those parts of HCOB 24 June 1963 ‘Routine 3-R’ used in the new Standard Dianetic Course and its application. This gives the complete steps of Routine 3-R Revised."〔''HCOB 6 May 69 II “Routine 3-R Revised, Engram Running by Chains”''〕 In 1978, Hubbard released ''New Era Dianetics'' (NED), a revised version supposed to produce better results in a shorter period of time. The course consists of 11 rundowns and requires a specifically trained auditor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=New Era Dianetics Auditing )〕 It is similar to Standard Dianetics, except the pre-clear (parishioner) is encouraged to find the decision or "postulate" he made during or as a result of the incident.〔L. Ron Hubbard ''New Era Dianetics Series 7RA'', HCOB 28 June 1978RA revised 15 September 1978, Hubbard Communications Office (HCO).〕 ("Postulate" in Dianetics and Scientology has the meaning of "a conclusion, decision or resolution made by the individual himself; to conclude, decide or resolve a problem or to set a pattern for the future or to nullify a pattern of the past"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Official Scientology and Dianetics Glossary )〕 in contrast to its conventional meanings.) In the Church of Scientology, OTs study several levels of New Era Dianetics for OTs before reaching the highest level. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dianetics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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