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Deinodon
''Deinodon'' (Greek for "terrible tooth") is a tyrannosaurid dinosaur genus containing a single species, ''Deinodon horridus''. ''D. horridus'' is known only from a set of teeth found in the Late Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana and named by paleontologist Joseph Leidy in 1856.〔Leidy, J. (1856). "Notices of the remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F.V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory." ''Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.'', 8(2): 72.〕 These were the first tyrannosaurid remains to be described and had been collected by Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden.〔 The teeth of ''Deinodon'' were slightly heterodont, and the holotype of ''Aublysodon'' can probably be assigned to ''Deinodon''.〔
==History and classification==
It is likely that the fossilized teeth of ''D. horridus'' belonged to the dinosaur later identified as ''Gorgosaurus libratus''. In a 1922 study, William Diller Matthew & Barnum Brown found that the teeth of ''D. horridus'' and ''G. libratus'' were indistinguishable from each other, and that they almost certainly belonged to the same species. However, because ''D. horridus'' was not yet known from any skeletal remains, they refrained from formally declaring them to be synonyms.〔Matthew, W.D. and Brown, B. (1922). "The family Deinodontidae, with notice of a new genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta." ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'', 46(6): 367-385.〕 In a 1970 review, Dale Russell stated that because the teeth of ''D. horridus'' could not be distinguished from either ''G. libratus'' or his newly described species ''Daspletosaurus torosus'', it must be considered a ''nomen vanum'' ("empty name").〔Russell, D. (1970). "Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada." ''National Museum of Natural Science Publications in Palaeontology'', 1: 1–34.〕 Since Russell published his opinion, most researchers have regarded ''Deinodon'' as a ''nomen dubium'',〔 though some have argued that since ''Deinodon'' and ''Gorgosaurus'' cannot be distinguished, they should be synonymized with ''D. horridus'' as the valid name for "''Gorgosaurus''" skeletons.〔Sahni, A. (1972). "The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana." ''Bulletin of the AMNH'', 147(6).〕 Additionally, several researchers have agreed that the genus ''Aublysodon'' (including the species ''A. mirandus'' and ''A. lateralis''), should also be considered a synonym of ''Deinodon'', since it is based on incisor teeth that likely come from the same animal.〔〔〔 Lambe (1902) went further, and said that as originally named, ''Deinodon'' was not preoccupied, and instead, regarded ''Aublysodon'' as a ''nomen nudum''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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