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Diode–transistor logic
Diode–transistor logic (DTL) is a class of digital circuits that is the direct ancestor of transistor–transistor logic. It is called so because the logic gating function (e.g., AND) is performed by a diode network and the amplifying function is performed by a transistor (in contrast with RTL and TTL).
== Implementations ==
The DTL circuit shown in the picture consists of three stages: an input diode logic stage (D1, D2 and R1), an intermediate level shifting stage (R3, R4 and V−) and an output common-emitter amplifier stage (Q1 and R2). If both inputs A and B are high (logic 1; near V+), then the diodes D1 and D2 are reverse biased. Resistors R1 and R3 will then supply enough current to turn on Q1 (drive Q1 into saturation) and also supply the current needed by R4. There will be a small positive voltage on the base of Q1 (VBE about 0.3 V for germanium and 0.6 V for silicon transistors). The turned on transistor's collector current will then pull the output Q low (logic 0; VCE(sat) usually less than 1 volt). If either or both inputs is low, then one of the input diodes conducts and pulls the voltage at the anodes to a value less than about 2 volts. R3 and R4 then act as a voltage divider that makes Q1's base voltage negative and consequently turns off Q1. Q1's collector current will be essentially zero, so R2 will pull the output voltage Q high (logic 1; near V+).
The IBM 1401 (announced in 1959〔(computermuseum.li )〕) used DTL circuits similar to the simplified circuit.〔The IBM 1401 may have also used a current mode logic.〕 IBM called the logic "complemented transistor diode logic" (CTDL). CTDL avoided the level shifting stage (R3, R4, and V−) by alternating NPN- and PNP-based gates operating on different power supply voltages. The 1401 used germanium transistors and diodes in its basic gates.〔 The 1401 also added an inductor in series with R2.〔(IBM 1401 logic ) Retrieved on 2009-06-28.〕 The physical packaging used the IBM Standard Modular System.
In an integrated circuit version of the DTL gate, R3 is replaced by two level-shifting diodes connected in series. Also the bottom of R4 is connected to ground to provide bias current for the diodes and a discharge path for the transistor base. The resulting integrated circuit runs off a single power supply voltage.〔, page 188 states resistor is replaced with one or more diodes; figure 10-43 shows 2 diodes; cites to Schulz 1962.〕〔(ASIC world: "Diode Transistor Logic" )〕
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