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Częstochowa
Częstochowa () is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 240,027 inhabitants as of June 2009. It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (administrative division) since 1999, and was previously the capital of the Częstochowa Voivodeship (1975–1998). However, Częstochowa is historically part of Lesser Poland, not of Silesia, and before 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), it belonged to the Kraków Voivodeship. Częstochowa is located in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. It is the 13th most populous city in Poland. It is the largest economic, cultural and administrative hub in the northern part of the Silesian Voivodeship.
The city is known for the famous Pauline monastery of Jasna Góra, which is the home of the Black Madonna painting (Polish: ''Jasnogórski Cudowny obraz Najświętszej Maryi Panny Niepokalanie Poczętej''), a shrine to the Virgin Mary. Every year, millions of pilgrims from all over the world come to Częstochowa to see it. The city also was home to the Frankism in the late 18th and 19th Century. There is also a Lusatian culture excavation site and museum in the city, and ruins of a medieval castle in Olsztyn, approximately from the city centre (see also Trail of the Eagles' Nests).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Częstochowa Official Website )''〕
==City name==
The name of Częstochowa means ''Częstoch's place'' and comes from a personal name of Częstoch mentioned in the medieval documents also as ''Częstobor'' and ''Częstomir''.〔(w Słowniku geograficznym Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom I (Aa – Dereneczna) z 1880 ) 〕 Variations of the name include ''Czanstochowa'' used in 1220, and Częstochow used in 1382 and 1558. A part of today's city called Częstochówka was a separate municipality mentioned in the 14th century as the Old Częstochowa (''Antiquo Czanstochowa'', 1382) and ''Częstochówka'' in 1470-80.〔Franciszek Kulczycki, "Monumenta mediiaevi historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia", Tomus IX, Cracoviae, 1886, p. 27.〕 The city was also known in German as ''Tschenstochau'' and in Russian as ''Ченстохов'' (''Chenstokhov'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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