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Cyclops
A cyclops ( ; ; plural cyclopes ; ), in Greek mythology and later Roman mythology, was a member of a primordial race of giants, each with a single eye in the middle of his forehead.〔Female cyclopes are not stated in any classical sources.〕 The name literally means "round-eyed"〔Entry: (Κύκλωψ ) at LSJ〕 or "circle-eyed".〔As with many Greek mythic names, however, this might be a folk etymology. Another proposal holds that the word is derived from PIE ''pḱu''-''klōps'' "sheep thief". See: Paul Thieme, "Etymologische Vexierbilder", ''Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung'' 69 (1951): 177-78; Burkert (1982), p. 157; J.P.S. Beekes, Indo-European Etymological Project, ''s.v.'' Cyclops.() Note that this would mean that the Cyclopes were regular giants, and the depictions with a singular eye, secondarily motivated by the folk etymology.〕
Hesiod described three one-eyed Cyclopes, Brontes, Steropes and Arges, the sons of Uranus and Gaia, brothers of the Titans, builders and craftsmen,〔Hesiod, Theogony, 140〕 while the epic poet Homer described another group of mortal herdsmen Cyclopes the sons of Poseidon. Other accounts were written by the playwright Euripides, poet Theocritus and Roman epic poet Virgil. In Hesiod's ''Theogony'', Zeus releases three Cyclopes from the dark pit of Tartarus. They provide Zeus' thunderbolt, Hades' helmet of invisibility, and Poseidon's trident, and the gods use these weapons to defeat the Titans.
In a famous episode of Homer's ''Odyssey'', the hero Odysseus encounters the cyclops Polyphemus, the son of Poseidon and Thoosa (a nereid), who lives with his fellow Cyclopes in a distant country. The connection between the two groups has been debated in antiquity and by modern scholars.〔Mondi, pp. 17-18: "Why is there such a discrepancy between the nature of the Homeric Cyclopes and the nature of those found in Hesiod's ''Theogony''? Ancient commentators were so exercised by this problem that they supposed there to be more than one type of Cyclops, and we must agree that, on the surface at least, these two groups could hardly have less in common."〕 It is upon Homer's account that Euripides and Virgil based their accounts of the mythical creatures.
== Mythology and literature ==
Various ancient Greek and Roman authors wrote about cyclopes. Hesiod described them as three brothers who were primordial giants. All the other sources of literature about the cyclopes describe the cyclops Polyphemus, who lived upon an island (often identified by ancient authors with Sicily) populated by the creatures.
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